隐匿的大脑回路如何驱动纤维肌痛、偏头痛和创伤后应激障碍

* *Draft:* 索尔克研究所的研究人员现已确定了一个赋予生理疼痛情感色彩的脑回路，揭示了治疗纤维肌痛、偏头痛和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）等慢性和情感性疼痛病症的潜在新靶点。 * *Refinement:* "Physical pain" usually contrasts with "emotional pain" here, but the context implies the physical sensation gets an emotional tone. "生理性疼痛" or "躯体疼痛" works. Let's use "躯体疼痛" or just "疼痛" with context, but "physical pain" is specific. Let's stick to "躯体疼痛" or "生理性疼痛". "Emotional tone" -> "情感色彩". * **Paragraph 2:** * *Source:* "Published on July 9, 2025, in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, the study identifies a group of neurons in a central brain area called the thalamus that appears to mediate the emotional or *affective* side of pain in mice. This new pathway challenges the textbook understanding of how pain is processed in the brain and body." * *Key Terms:* Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (《美国国家科学院院刊》), neurons (神经元), thalamus (丘脑), mediate (介导), emotional or affective side (情感或情绪方面), mice (小鼠). 注明: "affective" is emphasized in italics in source. * *Draft:* 该研究于2025年7月9日发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上，确定了一组位于大脑中央区域丘脑中的神经元，它们似乎介导了小鼠疼痛的情感或情绪方面。这一新通路挑战了教科书关于大脑和身体如何处理疼痛的理解。 * *Refinement:* "Affective" is often translated as "情感性" or "情绪性". "Emotional or affective side" -> "情感或情绪侧面/方面". "Textbook understanding" -> "教科书式的理解" or "教科书定义的理解". * **Paragraph 3:** * *Source:* "'For decades, the prevailing view was that the brain processes sensory and emotional aspects of pain through separate pathways,' says senior author Sung Han, associate professor and holder of the Pioneer Fund Developmental Chair at Salk. 'But there's been debate about whether the sensory pain pathway might also contribute to the emotional side of pain. Our study provides strong evidence that a branch of the sensory pain pathway directly mediates the affective experience of pain.'" * *Key Terms:* Senior author (资深作者/通讯作者 - usually "通讯作者" in Chinese academic context, but "资深作者" is literal. Let's use "资深作者" or just "作者" depending on context, usually "资深作者" fits news releases), Sung Han (韩成 - need to check standard transliteration if possible, otherwise "Sung Han" or "韩松"? Actually, Salk Institute has a Sung Han. His name is usually transliterated. Let's check if there's a standard. Often just "Sung Han" or "韩Sung Han". Let's use "Sung Han" or transliterate as "韩成" or "韩松". Without specific confirmation, keeping the English name or a safe transliteration is best. Actually, looking up Salk faculty, Sung Han is often referred to as 韩成 or just Sung Han. I will use "Sung Han" to be safe, or "韩Sung Han". Let's stick to "Sung Han" for accuracy unless I am 100% sure of the Chinese character name. Wait, standard practice for unknown names is transliteration. "韩松" or "韩成". Let's use "Sung Han" to avoid error, or "韩Sung Han". Actually, in professional translation, if the Chinese name isn't public knowledge, we transliterate. Let's use "Sung Han". *Self-correction*: Many Chinese-American scientists use their Chinese names. A quick mental check suggests "韩成" is likely but not guaranteed. I will use "Sung Han" to ensure accuracy, or "韩Sung Han". Let's just translate the title. "Pioneer Fund Developmental Chair" -> "先锋基金发展讲席教授". * *Draft:* “几十年来，主流观点认为大脑通过独立的通路处理疼痛的感觉和情感方面，”索尔克研究所资深作者、副教授兼先锋基金发展讲席教授Sung Han说，“但关于感觉疼痛通路是否也可能促成疼痛的情感方面，一直存在争议。我们的研究提供了强有力的证据，表明感觉疼痛通路的一个分支直接介导了疼痛的情感体验。” * *Refinement:* "Prevailing view" -> "主流观点". "Sensory and emotional aspects" -> "感觉和情感方面". "Contribute to" -> "促成" or "参与". "Mediates" -> "介导". * **Paragraph 4:** * *Source:* "The physical sensation of pain is what allows you to immediately detect it, assess its intensity, and identify its source. The affective part of pain is what makes it so unpleasant. This emotional discomfort motivates you to take action and helps you learn to associate negative feelings with the situation so you can avoid it in the future." * *Key Terms:* Physical sensation (躯体感觉/生理感觉), detect (检测/察觉), assess its intensity (评估其强度), identify its source (确定其来源), affective part (情感部分), unpleasant (不愉快/痛苦), emotional discomfort (情感不适/情绪困扰). * *Draft:* 疼痛的躯体感觉使你能够立即察觉它，评估其强度，并确定其来源。疼痛的情感部分则是使其令人不快的原因。这种情绪上的不适会促使你采取行动，并帮助你学会将负面感受与特定情境联系起来，以便在未来避免此类情况。 * *Refinement:* "Physical sensation" -> "躯体感觉". "Affective part" -> "情感部分". "Unpleasant" -> "令人不快" or "痛苦". "Motivates you to take action" -> "促使你采取行动". * **Paragraph 5:** * *Source:* "This is a critical distinction. Most people start to perceive pain at the same stimulus intensities, meaning we all process the sensory side of pain fairly similarly. In comparison, our ability to *tolerate* pain varies greatly. How much we suffer or feel threatened by pain is determined by our affective processing, and if that becomes too sensitive or lasts too long, it can result in a pain disorder. This makes it important to understand which parts of the brain control these different dimensions of pain." * *Key Terms:* Critical distinction (关键区别), stimulus intensities (刺激强度), perceive (感知), tolerate (耐受), suffer (受苦/遭受), feel threatened (感到受威胁), affective processing (情感加工/处理), pain disorder (疼痛障碍), dimensions (维度). * *Draft:* 这是一个关键的区别。大多数人在相同的刺激强度下开始感知疼痛，这意味着我们处理疼痛感觉侧面的方式相当相似。相比之下，我们*耐受*疼痛的能力差异很大。我们因疼痛而遭受的痛苦或感到的威胁程度取决于我们的情感加工，如果这种加工变得过于敏感或持续时间过长，就可能导致疼痛障碍。这使得了解大脑的哪些部分控制疼痛的这些不同维度变得至关重要。 * *Refinement:* "Process the sensory side" -> "处理疼痛的感觉侧面". "Tolerate" is italicized -> "*耐受*". "Affective processing" -> "情感加工" or "情感处理". "Pain disorder" -> "疼痛障碍". * **Paragraph 6:** * *Source:* "Sensory pain was thought to be mediated by the spinothalamic tract, a pathway that sends pain signals from the spinal cord to the thalamus, which then relays them to sensory processing areas across the brain." * *Key Terms:* Sensory pain (感觉性疼痛), spinothalamic tract (脊髓丘脑束), spinal cord (脊髓), relays (传递/中继), sensory processing areas (感觉加工区域). * *Draft:* 感觉性疼痛被认为由脊髓丘脑束介导，该通路将疼痛信号从脊髓发送到丘脑，随后丘脑将其传递到大脑各处的感觉加工区域。 * *Ref * *Draft:* 研究人员利用先进技术操控特定脑细胞的活动，在小鼠体内发现了一条新的脊髓丘脑通路。 * "In this circuit, pain signals are sent from the spinal cord into a different part of the thalamus, which has connections to the amygdala, the brain's emotional processing center." * "circuit": 回路/环路. * "pain signals": 疼痛信号. * "spinal cord": 脊髓. * "thalamus": 丘脑. * "amygdala": 杏仁核. * "emotional processing center": 情绪处理中心. * *Draft:* 在这条回路中，疼痛信号从脊髓传递至丘脑的一个不同区域，该区域与大脑的情绪处理中心——杏仁核相连。 * "This particular group of neurons in the thalamus can be identified by their expression of CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), a neuropeptide originally discovered in Professor Ronald Evans' lab at Salk." * "neurons": 神经元. * "expression of CGRP": 表达CGRP. * "calcitonin gene-related peptide": 降钙素基因相关肽. * "neuropeptide": 神经肽. * "Salk": 索尔克研究所. * *Draft:* 丘脑中这一特定的神经元群可以通过其表达的CGRP（降钙素基因相关肽）来识别，这是一种最初在索尔克研究所Ronald Evans教授实验室发现的神经肽。 * *Paragraph 2:* * "When the researchers "turned off" (genetically silenced) these CGRP neurons, the mice still reacted to mild pain stimuli, such as heat or pressure, indicating their sensory processing was intact." * "turned off": “关闭”. * "genetically silenced": 基因沉默. * "mild pain stimuli": 轻微疼痛刺激. * "sensory processing": 感觉处理. * "intact": 完好/未受损. * *Draft:* 当研究人员“关闭”（基因沉默）这些CGRP神经元时，小鼠仍然对热或压力等轻微疼痛刺激有反应，表明它们的感觉处理功能完好。 * "However, they didn't seem to associate lasting negative feelings with these situations, failing to show any learned fear or avoidance behaviors in future trials." * "associate lasting negative feelings": 联系起持久的负面情绪. * "learned fear": 习得性恐惧. * "avoidance behaviors": 回避行为. * *Draft:* 然而，它们似乎没有将这些情况与持久的负面情绪联系起来，在随后的试验中未表现出任何习得性恐惧或回避行为。 * "On the other hand, when these same neurons were "turned on" (optogenetically activated), the mice showed clear signs of distress and learned to avoid that area, even when no pain stimuli had been used." * "turned on": “开启”. * "optogenetically activated": 光遗传学激活. * "signs of distress": 痛苦迹象. * *Draft:* 另一方面，当这些相同的神经元被“开启”（光遗传学激活）时，即使没有施加疼痛刺激，小鼠也表现出明显的痛苦迹象，并学会了避开该区域。 * *Paragraph 3:* * "'Pain processing is not just about nerves detecting pain; it's about the brain deciding how much that pain matters,' says first author Sukjae Kang, a senior research associate in Han's lab." * "Pain processing": 疼痛处理. * "nerves detecting pain": 神经检测疼痛. * "deciding how much that pain matters": 决定疼痛的重要程度/意义. * "first author": 第一作者. * "senior research associate": 高级研究助理. * *Draft:* “疼痛处理不仅仅关乎神经对疼痛的检测，还关乎大脑如何判定疼痛的重要程度，”Han实验室的高级研究助理、第一作者Sukjae Kang说道。 * "'Understanding the biology behind these two distinct processes will help us find treatments for the kinds of pain that don't respond to traditional drugs.'" * "distinct processes": 截然不同的过程. * "don't respond to traditional drugs": 对传统药物无反应. * *Draft:* “理解这两个截然不同过程背后的生物学机制，将有助于我们找到治疗那些对传统药物无反应的疼痛的方法。” * *Paragraph 4:* * "Many chronic pain conditions -- such as fibromyalgia and migraine -- involve long, intense, unpleasant experiences of pain, often without a clear physical source or injury." * "chronic pain conditions": 慢性疼痛病症. * "fibromyalgia": 纤维肌痛. * "migraine": 偏头痛. * "physical source": 物理根源/器质性来源. * *Draft:* 许多慢性疼痛病症——如纤维肌痛和偏头痛——涉及漫长、剧烈且令人不快的疼痛体验，且往往没有明确的身体根源或损伤。 * "Some patients also report extreme sensitivity to ordinary stimuli like light, sound, or touch, which others would not perceive as painful." * "extreme sensitivity": 极度敏感. * "ordinary stimuli": 普通刺激. * *Draft:* 一些患者还报告对光、声音或触摸等普通刺激极度敏感，而其他人则不会觉得这些刺激疼痛。 * *Paragraph 5 (after div):* * "Han says overactivation of the CGRP spinothalamic pathway may contribute to these conditions by making the brain misinterpret or overreact to sensory inputs." * "overactivation": 过度激活. * "misinterpret": 误读/错误解读. * "overreact": 反应过度. * "sensory inputs": 感觉输入. * *Draft:* Han表示，CGRP脊髓丘脑通路的过度激活可能导致大脑误读或对感觉输入反应过度，从而引发这些病症。 * "In fact, transcriptomic analysis of the CGRP neurons showed that they express many of the genes associated with migraine and other pain disorders." * "transcriptomic analysis": 转录组分析. * *Draft:* 事实上，对CGRP神经元的转录组分析显示，它们表达了许多与偏头痛和其他疼痛障碍相关的基因。 * *Paragraph 6:* * "Notably, several CGRP blockers are already being used to treat migraines." * "CGRP blockers": CGRP阻滞剂/阻断剂. * *Draft:* 值得注意的是，几种CGRP阻滞剂已被用于治疗偏头痛。 * "This study may help explain why these medications work and could inspire new nonaddictive treatments for affective pain disorders." * "nonaddictive": 非成瘾性. * "affective pain disorders": 情感性疼痛障碍/情感性疼痛疾病. * *Draft:* 这项研究可能有助于解释这些药物为何有效，并可能激发治疗情感性疼痛障碍的新型非成瘾性疗法。 * *Paragraph 7:* * "Han also sees potential relevance for psychiatric conditions that involve heightened threat perception, such as PTSD." * "psychiatric conditions": 精神疾病/精神类疾病. * "heightened threat perception": 威胁感知增强/过度威胁感知. * "PTSD": 创伤后应激障碍. * *Draft:* Han还看到了这与涉及威胁感知增强的精神疾病（如创伤后应激障碍PTSD）的潜在关联。 * "Growing evidence from his lab suggests that the CGRP affective pain pathway acts as part of the brain's broader alarm system, detecting and responding to not only pain but a wide range of unpleasant sensations." * "Growing evidence": 越来越多的证据. * "affective pain pathway": 情感性疼痛通路. 重要的是，CGRP通路与悲伤、孤独和心碎等社会经历相关的心理痛苦之间的关系尚不明确，需要进一步研究。 “我们发现CGRP情感疼痛通路，为*检测*躯体疼痛与因之而*痛苦*之间的差异提供了分子和环路层面的解释，”Han说。“我们期待继续探索这一通路，并助力未来的疗法以减轻这种痛苦。” 其他作者包括索尔克研究所的Shijia Liu、Jong-Hyun Kim、Dong-Il Kim、Tae Gyu Oh、Jiahang Peng、Mao Ye、Kuo-Fen Lee、Ronald M. Evans和Martyn Goulding。 该研究得到了美国国家心理健康研究所（BRAINS拨款1R01MH116203）和西蒙斯基金会（“通往独立”奖SFARI #388708）的支持。