常见抗抑郁药物可能有助于免疫系统对抗癌症

* *Draft:* 发表在《细胞》杂志上的这项研究发现，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）显著增强了T细胞对抗癌症的能力，并在小鼠和人类肿瘤模型中抑制了多种癌症类型的肿瘤生长。 * *Refinement:* The sentence structure is standard. "Across a range of cancer types" -> "多种癌症类型". "Significantly enhanced" -> "显著增强". * **Segment 2:** * *Source:* "It turns out SSRIs don't just make our brains happier; they also make our T cells happier -- even while they're fighting tumors," said Dr. Lili Yang, senior author of the new study and a member of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA. * *Key Terms:* Dr. Lili Yang (Lili Yang博士), senior author (资深作者), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA (加州大学洛杉矶分校Eli and Edythe Broad再生医学与干细胞研究中心). * *Draft:* 这项新研究的资深作者、加州大学洛杉矶分校Eli and Edythe Broad再生医学与干细胞研究中心成员Lili Yang博士说：“事实证明，SSRIs不仅让我们的大脑更快乐；它们也让我们的T细胞更快乐——即使是在它们对抗肿瘤的时候。” * *Refinement:* "Make our brains happier" is a metaphor. Keeping it literal ("更快乐") preserves the tone, but "happier" for cells is slightly unusual in Chinese scientific contexts, though acceptable in a quote. "Even while they're fighting tumors" -> "即使是在它们对抗肿瘤的时候". * **Segment 3:** * *Source:* "These drugs have been widely and safely used to treat depression for decades, so repurposing them for cancer would be a lot easier than developing an entirely new therapy." * *Key Terms:* Repurposing (老药新用/重新利用), depression (抑郁症). * *Draft:* “这些药物几十年来已被广泛安全地用于治疗抑郁症，因此将它们用于治疗癌症比开发一种全新的疗法要容易得多。” * *Refinement:* "Repurposing" is often translated as "老药新用" in medical contexts, but "重新用于" or "转用于" works too. Let's stick to a clear translation: "将它们转用于癌症治疗". * **Segment 4:** * *Source:* "According to the CDC, one out of eight adults in the U.S. takes an antidepressant, and SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed." * *Key Terms:* CDC (美国疾病控制与预防中心), antidepressant (抗抑郁药). * *Draft:* 根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的数据，美国八分之一的成年人服用抗抑郁药，而SSRIs是最常处方的药物。 * *Refinement:* "Most commonly prescribed" -> "最常处方的" or "处方最广泛的". "Most commonly prescribed" usually implies "most commonly prescribed type". * **Segment 5:** * *Source:* "These drugs, sold under brand names like Prozac and Celexa, increase levels of serotonin -- the brain's "happiness hormone" -- by blocking the activity of a protein called serotonin transporter, or SERT." * *Key Terms:* Prozac (百忧解), Celexa (西普兰/喜普妙), serotonin (5-羟色胺/血清素), happiness hormone (快乐荷尔蒙), serotonin transporter (5-羟色胺转运体/血清素转运体), SERT (SERT). * *Draft:* 这些药物以百忧解（Prozac）和西普兰（Celexa）等品牌名销售，通过阻断一种称为5-羟色胺转运体（SERT）的蛋白质的活性，来提高5-羟色胺（大脑的“快乐荷尔蒙”）的水平。 * *Refinement:* Serotonin is standardly translated as "5-羟色胺" in scientific/medical Chinese, though "血清素" is common in popular science. Given the instruction to be a "professional tech translator", "5-羟色胺" is preferred, perhaps with "血清素" in brackets if needed, but usually just "5-羟色胺" is fine. Let's use "5-羟色胺". "Happiness hormone" -> "快乐荷尔蒙". * **Segment 6:** * *Source:* "While serotonin is best known for the role it plays in the brain, it's also a critical player in processes that occur throughout the body, including digestion, metabolism and immune activity." * *Key Terms:* Digestion (消化), metabolism (新陈代谢), immune activity (免疫活动). * *Draft:* 虽然5-羟色胺最著名的是其在脑中的作用，但它也是全身发生的各种过程中的关键角色，包括消化、新陈代谢和免疫活动。 * *Refinement:* "Critical player" -> "关键角色" or "关键参与者". "Processes that occur throughout the body" -> "全身各处发生的过程". * **Segment 7:** * *Source:* "Yang and her team first began investigating serotonin's role in fighting cancer after noticing that immune cells isolated from tumors had higher levels of serotonin-regulating molecules." * *Key Terms:* Serotonin-regulating molecules (调节5-羟色胺的分子). * *Draft:* Yang和她的团队在注意到从肿瘤中分离出的免疫细胞具有较高水平的5-羟色胺调节分子后，开始调查5-羟色胺在抗癌中的作用。 * *Refinement:* "Investigating serotonin's role in fighting cancer" -> "调查5-羟色胺在对抗癌症中的作用". * **Segment 8:** * *Source:* "At first, they focused on MAO-A, an enzyme that breaks down serotonin and other neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and dopamine." * *Key Terms:* MAO-A (单胺氧化酶A), enzyme (酶), neurotransmitters (神经递质), norepinephrine (去甲肾上腺素), dopamine (多巴胺). * *Draft:* 起初，他们专注于MAO-A，这是一种分解5-羟色胺和其他神经递质（包括去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺）的酶。 * *Refinement:* Standard terminology. * **Segment 9:** * *Source:* "In 2021, they reported that T cells produce MAO-A when they recognize tumors, which makes it harder for them to fight cancer." * *Draft:* 2021年，他们报告称，T细胞在识别肿瘤时会产生MAO-A，这使它们更难对抗癌症。 * *Refinement:* "Makes it harder for them to fight cancer" -> "削弱了其抗癌能力" or "使其更难对抗癌症". The latter is closer to the original structure. * **Segment 10:** * *Source:* "They found that treating mice with melanoma and colon cancer using MAO inhibitors, also called MAOIs -- the first class of antidepressant drugs to be invented -- helped T cells attack tumors more effectively." * *Key Terms:* Melanoma (黑色素瘤), colon cancer (结肠癌), MAO inhibitors (单胺氧化酶抑制剂), MAOIs (MAOIs). * *Draft:* 他们发现，使用单胺氧化酶抑制剂（也称为MAOIs——第一类被发明的抗抑郁药物）治疗患有黑色素瘤和结肠癌的小鼠，有助于T细胞更有效地攻击肿瘤。 * *Refinement:* Structure is complex but manageable. * **Segment 11 (Insertion point):** * *Source:* ` ` * *Action:* Keep this tag as is, or ignore? The prompt asks to translate the content. Usually, HTML tags are structural. I will retain the tag in the output to maintain the structure of the provided text, as it might be part of a CMS or web layout. * **Segment 12:** * *Source:* "However, because MAOIs have safety concerns, including serious side effects and interactions with certain foods and * *Key terms:* SSRIs (选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂), killer T cells (杀伤性T细胞), oppressive tumor environment (原本压抑的肿瘤微环境), serotonin signals (5-羟色胺信号), reinvigorating (重振/激活), microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics (微生物学、免疫学与分子遗传学), UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗强森综合癌症中心). * *Draft:* “SSRIs通过增加杀伤性T细胞对5-羟色胺信号的获取，使其在原本压抑的肿瘤环境中变得更‘快乐’，从而重振它们去对抗并杀死癌细胞，”杨说道，她同时也是微生物学、免疫学与分子遗传学教授，以及加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗强森综合癌症中心的成员。 * *Refinement:* "Happier" is metaphorical. In Chinese scientific context, keeping the quote marks is appropriate. "Oppressive" -> 压抑. "Reinvigorating" -> 重振/激活. "UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center" -> standard translation is 加州大学洛杉矶分校强森综合癌症中心 (often "Health" is omitted or integrated, but "UCLA Health" is the system. Let's stick to standard: 加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗强森综合癌症中心 or simply 加州大学洛杉矶分校强森综合癌症中心. I will use the full name for accuracy). * *Heading:* How SSRIs could boost the effectiveness of cancer therapies * *Draft:* SSRIs如何能增强癌症疗法的有效性 * *Refinement:* "Boost effectiveness" -> 提升疗效/增强有效性. "SSRIs如何增强癌症疗法的疗效" sounds natural. * *Sentence 2:*

The team also investigated whether combining SSRIs with existing cancer therapies could improve treatment outcomes. * *Draft:* 研究团队还调查了将SSRIs与现有癌症疗法联合使用是否能改善治疗结果。 * *Refinement:* "Treatment outcomes" -> 治疗效果/预后. "Improve" -> 改善/提高. * *Sentence 3:* They tested a combination of an SSRI and anti-PD-1 antibody -- a common immune checkpoint blockade, or ICB, therapy -- in mouse models of melanoma and colon cancer. * *Key terms:* anti-PD-1 antibody (抗PD-1抗体), immune checkpoint blockade (免疫检查点阻断), ICB, melanoma (黑色素瘤), colon cancer (结肠癌). * *Draft:* 他们在黑色素瘤和结肠癌小鼠模型中测试了SSRI与抗PD-1抗体（一种常见的免疫检查点阻断疗法，即ICB疗法）的联合使用。 * *Sentence 4:* ICB therapies work by blocking immune checkpoint molecules that normally suppress immune cell activity, allowing T cells to attack tumors more effectively. * *Draft:* ICB疗法通过阻断通常抑制免疫细胞活性的免疫检查点分子发挥作用，使T细胞能更有效地攻击肿瘤。 * *Sentence 5:*

The results were striking: the combination significantly reduced tumor size in all treated mice and even achieved complete remission in some cases. * *Key terms:* striking (显著的/令人瞩目的), complete remission (完全缓解). * *Draft:* 结果令人瞩目：该联合疗法显著缩小了所有受治小鼠的肿瘤体积，甚至在某些情况下实现了完全缓解。 * *Sentence 6:* "Immune checkpoint blockades are effective in fewer than 25% of patients," said James Elsten-Brown, a graduate student in the Yang lab and co-author of the study. * *Draft:* “免疫检查点阻断疗法仅在不到25%的患者中有效，”杨实验室的研究生、该研究的合著者James Elsten-Brown说道。 * *Sentence 7:* "If a safe, widely available drug like an SSRI could make these therapies more effective, it would be hugely impactful." * *Draft:* “如果像SSRI这样安全且广泛可得的药物能让这些疗法更有效，那将产生巨大的影响。” * *Sentence 8:*

To confirm these findings, the team will investigate whether real-world cancer patients taking SSRIs have better outcomes, especially those receiving ICB therapies. * *Draft:* 为了证实这些发现，团队将调查现实世界中服用SSRIs的癌症患者是否有更好的预后，特别是那些正在接受ICB疗法的患者。 * *Refinement:* "Outcomes" here usually refers to clinical outcomes/prognosis -> 预后/治疗结果. * *Sentence 9:* "Since around 20% of cancer patients take antidepressants -- most commonly SSRIs -- we see a unique opportunity to explore how these drugs might improve cancer outcomes," said Yang, who is also a member of the Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy. * *Key terms:* Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center (古德曼-拉斯金微生物组中心), Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (帕克癌症免疫治疗研究所). * *Draft:* “由于约20%的癌症患者服用抗抑郁药物——最常见的是SSRIs——我们看到了一个独特的机会来探索这些药物如何改善癌症预后，”杨说道，她也是古德曼-拉斯金微生物组中心和帕克癌症免疫治疗研究所的成员。 * *Sentence 10:* "Our goal is to design a clinical trial to compare treatment outcomes between cancer patients who take these medications and those who do not." * *Draft:* “我们的目标是设计一项临床试验，比较服用这些药物的癌症患者与未服用患者的治疗结果。” * *Sentence 11:*

Yang added that using existing FDA-approved drugs could speed up the process of bringing new cancer treatments to patients, making this research especially promising. * *Draft:* 杨补充道，使用现有的FDA批准药物可以加快向患者提供新癌症疗法的进程，这使得该研究前景尤为广阔。 * *Sentence 12:* "Studies estimate the bench-to-bedside pipeline for new cancer therapies costs an average of $1.5 billion," she said. * *Key terms:* bench-to-bedside pipeline (从实验室到临床的转化过程/管线). * *Draft:* “研究估计，新癌症疗法从实验室到临床的转化过程平均耗资15亿美元，”她说。 * *Sentence 13:* "When you compare this to the estimated $300 million cost to repurpose FDA-approved drugs, it's clear why this approach has so much potential." * *Key terms:* repurpose (老药新用/重新定位). * *Draft:* “当你将其与老药新用FDA批准药物估计所需的3亿美元成本相比，就很清楚为什么这种方法具有如此大的潜力了。” * *Sentence 14:*

The newly identified therapeutic strategy is covered by a patent application filed by the UCLA Technology Development Group on behalf of the Regents of the University of California, with Yang and Li as co-inventors. * *Key terms:* therapeutic strategy (治疗策略), patent application (专利申请), UCLA Technology Development Group (加州大学洛杉矶分校技术发展集团), Regents of the University of California (加州大学校董会), co-inventors (共同发明人). * *Draft:* 这一新发现的治疗策略已由加州大学洛杉矶分校技术发展集团代表加州大学校董会提交了专利申请，杨和Li为共同发明人。 * *Sentence 15:*

This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the Tower Cancer Research Foundation, a UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center Rose Hills Foundation Innovator Grant and a UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center Ablon Scholars Award. * *Key terms:* National Institutes of Health (美国国立卫生研究院), California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (加州再生医学研究所), Tower Cancer Research Foundation (塔楼癌症研究基金会), UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center (加州大学洛杉矶分校布罗德干细胞研究中心), Rose Hills Foundation Innovator Grant (罗斯希尔基金会创新者资助), Ablon Scholars Award (阿布隆学者奖). * *Draft:* 该研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院、加州再生医学研究所、塔楼癌症研究基金会、加州大学洛杉矶分校布罗德干细胞研究中心罗斯希尔基金会创新者资助，以及加州大学洛杉矶 * *Let's check the introductory phrase:* "Additional UCLA authors include:" -> "加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的其他作者包括：" or simply "UCLA的其他作者包括：". Usually, full university names are preferred in formal contexts. * *Draft Translation:* 加州大学洛杉矶分校的其他作者包括：Miao Li, Enbo Zhu, Zhe Li, Yuning Chen, Elliot Kang, Feiyang Ma, Jennifer Chiang, Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Jie Huang, Audrey Fung, Quentin Scarborough, Robin Cadd, Jin J. Zhou, Arnold I. Chin 和 Matteo Pellegrini。 * *Refining the "UCLA" part:* Should I keep "UCLA" or write "加州大学洛杉矶分校"? Usually, "UCLA" is widely recognized, but "加州大学洛杉矶分校" is the formal translation. I will use the formal translation. * *Refining the names:* If I try to translate them, I risk errors. For example, "Chin" can be 钱, 秦, 陈. "Zhu" can be 朱, 祝. "Li" can be 李, 黎. Without the specific paper's Chinese abstract or author profile, guessing is unprofessional. Therefore, keeping names in English is the correct choice for a "professional tech translator" persona focused on accuracy. * *Handling the HTML tag:* The source text ends with `

`. The user asked to translate the content. I should probably strip the HTML tag for the output unless the user wants the format preserved. The prompt says "translate the following content", usually implying the text. However, often in these tasks, preserving the format is good. But the prompt says "Only output the translation result". A clean text output is usually best. I will output the text without the HTML tag, as it's likely a copy-paste artifact. Wait, looking at the source `

 

`, it suggests it was copied from a webpage. I will provide the clean Chinese text. * *Final Polish:* "Additional UCLA authors include:" -> 加州大学洛杉矶分校的其他作者包括： List of names -> Keep as is. "and" -> 和 / 以及. * *Result:* 加州大学洛杉矶分校的其他作者包括：Miao Li, Enbo Zhu, Zhe Li, Yuning Chen, Elliot Kang, Feiyang Ma, Jennifer Chiang, Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Jie Huang, Audrey Fung, Quentin Scarborough, Robin Cadd, Jin J. Zhou, Arnold I. Chin 和 Matteo Pellegrini。 * *Self-Correction:* Is there any chance the user wants the names transliterated? In Chinese scientific journals, when citing foreign papers, names are often left in English, or transliterated if very famous. For a list of co-authors, English is standard to ensure correct attribution. * *One detail:* "UCLA authors". Does it mean authors *from* UCLA? Yes. * *Translation:* 加州大学洛杉矶分校的其他作者包括：Miao Li、Enbo Zhu、Zhe Li、Yuning Chen、Elliot Kang、Feiyang Ma、Jennifer Chiang、Yan-Ruide Li、Yichen Zhu、Jie Huang、Audrey Fung、Quentin Scarborough、Robin Cadd、Jin J. Zhou、Arnold I. Chin 和 Matteo Pellegrini。 * *Punctuation:* Chinese enumeration usually uses enumeration commas (、) between names, and "和" before the last one. However, since the names are in English (First Last format), using commas (,) as in the original English list is also acceptable and often preferred to avoid confusion with the name structure, but using enumeration commas (、) is more "Chinese". Let's stick to the standard Chinese punctuation for lists if possible, or keep the English commas if it looks cleaner. * Actually, for English names in a Chinese sentence, using commas is often clearer because English names contain spaces. Using "、" might look like: Miao Li、Enbo Zhu. This is fine. * Let's check standard practice. Usually: "作者包括 A, B, C 和 D." or "作者包括 A、B、C 和 D。" * I will use commas to separate the English names as it preserves the integrity of the "First Name Last Name" blocks better visually, or use the enumeration comma. Let's use the enumeration comma (、) as it is grammatically correct for Chinese text, but standard commas are also very common for English name lists. I will use standard commas to match the source structure closely, or enumeration commas. Let's go with enumeration commas for a polished Chinese feel, or just commas. * Let's look at the source again. It uses commas. * Let's try to find if this is a real paper to see if there are official Chinese names. * Search query mental check: "UCLA authors Miao Li Enbo Zhu". This looks like a paper on single-cell sequencing or similar biology field. * Found a match: "Single-cell analysis of human monocytes..." or similar. * Authors: Miao Li (李淼?), Enbo Zhu (朱恩波?), etc. * Since I cannot be 100% sure of the characters without the specific paper's Chinese press release, I must stick to the English names. * *Final Decision on Punctuation:* I will use commas to separate the names because English names have spaces, and mixing them with enumeration commas can sometimes look cluttered, though both are acceptable. I will use "和" for "