研究发现，两种简单的饮食习惯与较低体重相关

* *Draft:* 这些发现基于来自超过7,000名40-65岁成年人的数据，他们是Germans Trias i Pujol研究所（IGTP）领导的GCAT | Genomes for Life队列的一部分。2018年，参与者通过问卷提供了关于身高、体重、进餐时间、生活习惯和社会经济背景的详细信息。 * *Refinement:* "Genomes for Life" can be translated or kept as is. Usually, project names are kept or translated with the original in brackets. Let's translate it as "生命基因组" or keep it. Given the instruction to be professional, I will translate the descriptive part but keep the acronym. "GCAT | Genomes for Life队列" -> "GCAT | Genomes for Life（生命基因组）队列" or just "GCAT | Genomes for Life队列". Let's stick to a standard academic style. "Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute" -> "Germans Trias i Pujol研究所". * *Polished:* 这些发现基于Germans Trias i Pujol研究所（IGTP）领导的GCAT | Genomes for Life队列中7,000多名40至65岁成年人的数据。2018年，参与者通过问卷调查提供了其身高、体重、进餐时间、生活方式习惯和社会经济背景的详细信息。 * **Segment 2:** * *Source:* "

Five years later, in 2023, more than 3,000 of these individuals returned for follow-up assessments. Researchers recorded updated measurements and collected new survey data, allowing them to track changes and identify patterns over time.

" * *Draft:* 五年后，在2023年，这些人中超过3,000人回来进行了随访评估。研究人员记录了更新的测量数据并收集了新的调查数据，使他们能够追踪变化并识别随时间变化的模式。 * *Refinement:* "returned for follow-up assessments" -> "返回接受了随访评估". "updated measurements" -> "更新的测量数据" or "最新测量数据". "identify patterns over time" -> "识别随时间推移的模式". * *Polished:* 五年后，即2023年，其中3,000多人返回接受了随访评估。研究人员记录了最新的测量数据并收集了新的调查数据，从而能够追踪变化并识别随时间推移的模式。 * **Segment 3:** * *Source:* "

Early Eating and Longer Fasting Linked to Lower BMI

" * *Draft:* 早期进食和更长时间的禁食与较低的BMI有关。 * *Refinement:* "Early Eating" -> "提早进食" or "早进食". "Fasting" -> "禁食" or "空腹". In this context (overnight fast), "禁食" is standard. "BMI" -> "BMI" or "体重指数". Usually BMI is kept in scientific texts. * *Polished:* 提早进食与延长禁食时间与较低的BMI相关 * **Segment 4:** * *Source:* "

"Our results, in line with other recent studies, suggest that extending the overnight fast could help maintain a healthy weight if accompanied by an early dinner and an early breakfast. We think this may be because eating earlier in the day is more in line with circadian rhythms and allows for better calorie burning and appetite regulation, which can help maintain a healthy weight. However, it is too soon to draw definitive conclusions, so recommendations will have to wait for more robust evidence," explains Luciana Pons-Muzzo, researcher at ISGlobal at the time of the study and currently at IESE Business School.

" * *Draft:* “我们的结果与其他近期研究一致，表明如果伴随早晚餐和早早餐，延长夜间禁食可能有助于保持健康体重。我们认为这可能是因为一天中较早进食更符合昼夜节律，并允许更好的卡路里燃烧和食欲调节，这有助于保持健康体重。然而，得出明确结论还为时过早，因此建议必须等待更有力的证据，”Luciana Pons-Muzzo解释道，她是研究时ISGlobal的研究员，目前在IESE商学院。 * *Refinement:* "overnight fast" -> "夜间禁食". "circadian rhythms" -> "昼夜节律". "robust evidence" -> "确凿证据" or "有力证据". "researcher at ISGlobal at the time of the study" -> "该研究进行时任职于ISGlobal的研究员". * *Polished:* “我们的结果与其他近期研究一致，表明如果配合提早吃晚餐和提早吃早餐，延长夜间禁食时间可能有助于维持健康体重。我们认为这可能是因为在一天中较早时候进食更符合昼夜节律，有助于更好地燃烧卡路里和调节食欲，从而帮助维持健康体重。然而，目前下定论还为时尚早，因此建议需等待更有力的证据，”该研究进行时任职于ISGlobal、现任职于IESE商学院的研究员Luciana Pons-Muzzo解释道。 * **Segment 5:** * *Source:* "

Gender Differences and Lifestyle Patterns

" * *Draft:* 性别差异和生活方式模式 * *Polished:* 性别差异与生活方式模式 * **Segment 6:** * *Source:* "

When researchers compared results by gender, they found notable differences. Women generally had lower BMI, followed the Mediterranean diet more closely, and were less likely to drink alcohol. At the same time, they reported poorer mental health and were more often responsible for household or family supervision.

" * *Draft:* 当研究人员按性别比较结果时，他们发现了显著差异。女性通常BMI较低，更紧密地遵循地中海饮食，并且不太可能喝酒。同时，她们报告心理健康较差，并且更经常负责家务或家庭监督。 * *Refinement:* "followed... more closely" -> "更严格地遵循" or "更贴近". "less likely to drink alcohol" -> "饮酒的可能性较低". "household or family supervision" -> "家务或家庭监护/照料". * *Polished:* 当研究人员按性别比较结果时，发现了显著差异。女性的BMI通常较低，更严格地遵循地中海饮食，且饮酒可能性较低。与此同时，她们报告的心理健康状况较差，且更多承担家务或家庭监护责任。 * **Segment 7 (HTML tag):** * *Source:* * *Action:* Keep as is. * **Segment 8:** * *Source:* "

Using a method called 'cluster analysis', the team grouped participants with similar characteristics. One small group of men stood out. These individuals typically ate their first meal after 14:00 and fasted for about 17 hours. Compared to others, they were more likely to smoke and drink alcohol, less physically active, and less likely to follow the Mediterranean diet. They also tended to have lower levels of education and higher rates of unemployment. Researchers did not observe a similar pattern among women.

" * *Draft:* 使用一种称为“聚类分析”的方法，团队将具有相似特征的参与者分组。一小群男性脱颖而出。这些人通常在14:00之后吃第一顿饭，并禁食大约17小时。与其他人相比，他们更可能吸烟和喝酒，身体活动较少，并且不太可能遵循地中海饮食。他们也往往教育水平较低，失业率较高。研究人员在女性中没有观察到类似的模式。 * *Refinement:* "stood out" -> "表现突出" or "引起了注意". "fasted for about 17 hours" -> "禁食约17小时". "less physically active" -> "身体活动较少". * *Polished:* 研究团队使用一种名为“聚类分析”的方法，将具有相似特征的参与者进行分组。其中一小群男性引起了注意。这些人通常在14:00之后吃第一顿饭，禁食时间约为17小时。与其他人相比，他们吸烟和饮酒的可能性更高，身体活动较少，且遵循地中海饮食的可能性较低。他们往往受教育程度较低，失业率也较高。研究人员未在女性中观察到类似模式。 * **Segment 9:** * *Source:* "

Intermittent Fasting and Breakfast Skipping

" * *Draft:* 间歇性禁食和不吃早餐 * *Polished:* 间歇性禁食与不吃早餐 * **Segment 10:** * *Source:* "

"There are different ways of practising what is known as 'intermittent fasting “我们的研究属于一个被称为‘时间营养学’的新兴研究领域，该领域不仅关注分析我们吃什么，还关注进食的时间及频率，”Anna Palomar-Cros说道，她在研究进行时任职于ISGlobal，目前任职于IDIAP Jordi Gol。“这项研究的基础在于认识到，异常的进食模式可能会与昼夜节律系统发生冲突，该系统是一组调节昼夜循环以及必须伴随这些循环的生理过程的内部时钟，”她补充道。 **进餐时间较早与更广泛的健康益处相关** 这项研究建立在ISGlobal早期在时间营养学方面的研究基础之上。先前的研究结果表明，较早进食晚餐和早餐与较低的心血管疾病和2型糖尿病风险相关，这进一步证实了进餐时间在长期健康中发挥重要作用的观点。