失眠和睡眠药物使用与老年人失能相关

* *Drafting:* 研究人员称，每经历一年失眠症状的加重，其日常生活中某方面失能的风险就会增加20%。类似的这种风险水平也与睡眠药物使用量的增加有关。那些经常出现失眠症状并服用睡眠药物的人，其日常生活受失能影响的风险最高。 * **Paragraph 2:** * *Source:* "Results of the study, recently published in the journal *Sleep*, indicate the importance of properly treating insomnia, the researchers said." * *Key terms:* journal *Sleep* (《睡眠》期刊), properly treating (妥善治疗/正确治疗). * *Drafting:* 研究人员表示，这项近期发表在《睡眠》期刊上的研究结果，表明了妥善治疗失眠的重要性。 * **Paragraph 3:** * *Source:* "'When we evaluated the relationships between disability, insomnia and sleep medication use, we found that as older people used more sleep medication or experienced more insomnia symptoms, they moved more rapidly towards greater disability,' said Orfeu Buxton, Elizabeth Fenton Susman Professor of Biobehavioral Health at Penn State, Social Science Research Institute co-funded faculty and co-author of the study." * *Key terms:* evaluate (评估), older people (老年人), move more rapidly towards greater disability (更快地走向更严重的失能). Titles: Elizabeth Fenton Susman Professor of Biobehavioral Health at Penn State (宾夕法尼亚州立大学 Elizabeth Fenton Susman 生物行为健康教授), Social Science Research Institute co-funded faculty (社会科学研究所联合资助教员), co-author (合著者). * *Drafting:* 该研究的合著者、宾夕法尼亚州立大学 Elizabeth Fenton Susman 生物行为健康教授兼社会科学研究所联合资助教员 Orfeu Buxton 说：“当我们评估失能、失眠和睡眠药物使用之间的关系时，我们发现，随着老年人使用更多的睡眠药物或出现更多的失眠症状，他们会更快地走向更严重的失能。” * **Paragraph 4:** * *Source:* "The researchers analyzed data from 6,722 participants in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), which captured a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries over the age of 65. The team used more than 22,000 individual observations from the first five waves of data collection -- gathered between 2011 and 2015." * *Key terms:* National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (国家健康与老龄化趋势研究), Medicare beneficiaries (医疗保险受益人), waves of data collection (数据收集轮次/波次). * *Drafting:* 研究人员分析了“国家健康与老龄化趋势研究”（NHATS）中 6,722 名参与者的数据，该研究涵盖了 65 岁以上的医疗保险受益人的全国性样本。研究团队使用了前五轮数据收集（于 2011 年至 2015 年间收集）中的超过 22,000 条个人观测数据。 * **Paragraph 5:** * *Source:* "The NHATS data included annual measures of disability data using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about self-care activities including dressing, eating, using the toilet and showering. It also asked about mobility activities including getting out of bed, moving around indoors and going outside." * *Key terms:* annual measures (年度测量), validated questionnaire (经过验证的问卷), self-care activities (自理活动), mobility activities (行动/移动活动). * *Drafting:* NHATS 数据包含使用经过验证的问卷进行的年度失能数据测量。该问卷询问了包括穿衣、进食、如厕和洗澡在内的自理活动。它还询问了包括起床、室内移动和外出在内的行动活动。 * **Paragraph 6:** * *Source:* "To quantify the relationship between these variables, participants' data were measured on an established numeric scale for disability. For each self-care activity, participants were classified as 'fully able' to complete the activity on their own; 'vulnerable' to disability if they used accommodations, reduced their participation in the activity, or had difficulty with tasks; or 'assistance' if they could not complete an activity without help. A classification of 'fully able' was scored as one point; 'vulnerable' was scored as two points; and 'assistance' was scored as four, with higher scores representing higher levels of disability." * *Key terms:* quantify (量化), established numeric scale (既定的数字量表), fully able (完全有能力/完全自理), vulnerable (脆弱/易受损 - in disability scales often translated as "有障碍" or "功能受限", but "脆弱" or "易受损" is literal. Let's look at the definition: used accommodations, reduced participation, difficulty. This is often termed "accommodation/difficulty". Let's stick to a standard translation or a descriptive one. "Vulnerable" in NHATS context usually means they can do it but with difficulty or modification. I will translate as "易受损" or "有障碍风险" but "易受损" fits the literal text well, or perhaps "功能受限". Let's check standard NHATS translations. NHATS often classifies as "No difficulty", "Difficulty but can do", "Uses help". Here the text defines "vulnerable" specifically. I will translate as "易受损" (vulnerable) to stay true to the text, or "功能受限". Let's use "易受损" as it's a specific classification label here). *Correction*: In Chinese medical contexts for disability scales, "vulnerable" is often translated as "易受损" or "脆弱". Let's stick to the definition provided in the text. * *Scoring:* fully able = 1, vulnerable = 2, assistance = 4. * *Drafting:* 为了量化这些变量之间的关系，参与者的数据是在一个既定的失能数字量表上进行测量的。对于每一项自理活动，参与者被归类为：能够独立完成活动的“完全有能力”；如果他们使用了辅助器具、减少了活动参与或在任务中遇到困难，则被归类为失能“易受损”；如果他们在没有帮助的情况下无法完成活动，则被归类为“需要协助”。“完全有能力”的分类计为 1 分；“易受损”计为 2 分；“需要协助”计为 4 分，分数越高代表失能水平越高。 * **Paragraph 7 (after div):** * *Source:* "Any score increase of two or more on a person's overall score represented a clinically meaningful level of disability related to self-care or mobility, according to a previous study by other researchers." * *Key terms:* clinically meaningful level (具有临床意义的水平). * *Drafting:* 根据其他研究人员此前的一项研究，一个人总分增加 2 分或以上，即代表与自理或行动相关的失能达到具有临床意义的水平。 * **Paragraph 8:** * *Source:* "The NHATS data included five frequency levels of both insomnia symptoms and sleep-medication use -- never, once a week, some nights, most nights, and every night. 'Never' was scored as one point, and each level was worth one more point up to 'every night' being scored as five points." * *Key terms:* frequency levels (频率等级), never (从不), once a week (每周一次), some nights (有些晚上), most nights (大多数晚上), every night (每晚). * *Drafting:* NHATS 数据包含了失眠症状和睡眠药物使用各自的五个频率等级——从不、每周一次、有些晚上、大多数晚上和每晚。“从不”计为 1 分，每个等级递增 1 分，直至“每晚”计为 5 分。 3. **Review and Refine:** * *P1:* "incremental increase" -> "逐年增加" fits the context of "Every year...". "Disabled" -> "失能" is the standard term for loss of function in daily living (ADL/IADL) in Chinese geriatrics. * *P3:* Title translation. "Elizabeth Fenton Susman Professor of Biobehavioral Health" -> "Elizabeth Fenton Susman 生物行为健康讲席教授" (adding "讲席" for endowed professorships is common practice, but the text just says Professor. I will stick to "教授"). "Co-funded faculty" -> "联合资助教员". * 报告的失眠症状频率每增加一个等级，次年的失能评分平均高出 0.2 分。报告的助眠药物使用频率每增加一个等级，次年的失能评分平均高出 0.19 分。 该研究的主要作者、台湾台北医学大学全球卫生与健康安全项目助理教授陈拓宇（Tuo-Yu "Tim" Chen）表示：“这些结果表明，失眠和助眠药物的使用都可能导致失能。作为一个平均示例，这些数据表明，如果一位老年人在五年期间将助眠药物的使用频率从‘从不’增加到‘每晚’，那么他很可能会出现具有临床意义的失能。在个人层面上，我们无法如此具体地预测风险，但如果一位老年人长期存在睡眠问题和/或使用助眠药物，他们非常有可能变得失能。” 根据同一研究团队先前的一项研究，助眠药物会增加老年人跌倒的可能性。巴克斯顿表示，他们推测跌倒是助眠药物与更高水平失能相关的一个重要原因。 研究人员称，许多研究已经证实了失眠可能造成的身体、精神和情感伤害。他们发现的失眠症状与失能之间的联系证实了他们的假设。 该研究的合著者、宾夕法尼亚州立大学人类发展与家庭研究副教授 Soomi Lee 表示，由于失眠和助眠药物都可能导致失能，老年人需要安全有效地管理他们的失眠问题。 Lee 说：“失眠可以直接或间接地降低一个人的生活质量。任何经历失眠或使用助眠药物的老年人都需要就睡眠问题咨询医生。当医生了解睡眠问题后，他们可以审查患者的药物，以确保药物相互作用没有诱发失眠。医生还可以帮助老年人获得比药物更安全的失眠护理方案。” 研究人员称，认知行为疗法是一种安全有效的失眠治疗方法，它帮助人们识别并改变思维或行为模式。 Lee 解释道：“许多老年人认为睡眠中断是衰老的自然组成部分，但这确实是一个必须解决的现实问题。而且除非人们与医生沟通，否则这个问题不太可能改善。目前的睡眠诊所数量不足，特别是在农村地区，因此老年人可能需要为自己争取以获得适当的治疗。” 台湾国家科学技术委员会协助支持了这项工作。