局灶性脑损伤使人更容易受到冲动他人的影响

* Draft: 在发表于《PLOS Biology》的一项新研究中... * "...a research team found that damage to distinct parts of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were linked to being influenced by impulsive decision making by others..." * Draft: 一个研究团队发现，内侧前额叶皮层特定部位的损伤与受他人冲动决策的影响有关... * "...while another region was causally linked with choosing a smaller reward earlier rather than waiting for a larger prize." * Draft: 而另一个区域则与选择更早获得较小奖励而不愿等待更大奖赏存在因果联系。 * *Refinement:* "Causally linked" -> 存在因果联系/有因果关系。 "Distinct parts" -> 特定部位/不同部位。 * *Para 2:* "The team from the University of Birmingham, University of Oxford and Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg..." * Draft: 来自伯明翰大学、牛津大学和维尔茨堡尤利乌斯-马克西米利安大学的研究团队... * "...worked with participants with brain damage to assess whether they were more likely to be influenced by other people's preferences." * Draft: 与脑损伤参与者合作，评估他们是否更容易受他人偏好的影响。 * *Para 3:* "The team worked with 121 participants, with 33 having focal damage to the mPFC, 17 with lesions elsewhere on the brain and 71 participants who had no brain damage but were of the same age." * Draft: 该团队研究了121名参与者，其中33人患有mPFC局灶性损伤，17人脑部其他区域有病变，71人无脑损伤但年龄相仿。 * "The researchers showed participants a series of choices to test how impulsive people were in general." * Draft: 研究人员向参与者展示了一系列选择，以测试人们总体上的冲动程度。 * "They were then presented with the same choices and shown what other people would pick, some of these people made very impulsive choices and some people made more patient choices." * Draft: 随后，他们再次面对相同的选择，并被告知其他人会选择什么，其中一些人做出了非常冲动的选择，而另一些人则做出了更耐心的选择。 * *Para 4:* "Those participants with mPFC damage were more impulsive in general." * Draft: 那些mPFC受损的参与者在总体上更具冲动性。 * "The team were also surprised to find that those participants were also more likely to be influenced by other people who were impulsive, much more so than people who behaved patiently." * Draft: 团队还惊讶地发现，这些参与者也更容易受到冲动型他人的影响，其程度远超对耐心型他人的反应。 * *Para 5:* "Professor Patricia Lockwood from the University of Birmingham and senior corresponding author of the study said:" * Draft: 来自伯明翰大学的Patricia Lockwood教授及该研究的资深通讯作者表示： * *Para 6:* "The results are important as every day we learn about what other people want, and this impacts on our own preferences for what we want." * Draft: “这些结果很重要，因为每天我们都会了解其他人想要什么，这会影响我们对自己想要事物的偏好。 * "We used an experiment where we could look at whether it was when people behaved more impulsively, or if they were restrained, that social influence occurs." * Draft: 我们使用了一项实验，可以观察社会影响究竟是在人们表现得更具冲动性时发生，还是在他们表现得克制时发生。 * *Para 7:* "We find it is specifically a part of the brain that if its damaged makes you more influenced by others who behave impulsively, not when they behave in a way that is more restrained." * Draft: 我们发现，大脑中有一个特定区域，如果它受损，会让你更容易受到行为冲动者的影响，而不是在他人表现得更克制时受影响。 * "We also find brain damage to a different part makes you more impulsive in general, even before you have been influenced by someone else." * Draft: 我们还发现，另一个部位的脑损伤会让你在总体上更具冲动性，甚至是在受到他人影响之前。 * *Para 8:* "Together, our study shows that being influenced by others has a specific neural basis which could have implications for everything from how we understand misinformation and how other people can change our own financial preferences." * Draft: “综上所述，我们的研究表明，受他人影响具有特定的神经基础，这可能对我们理解错误信息以及他人如何改变我们自身的金融偏好等方方面面都具有启示意义。” * *Para 9:* "Patience" * Draft: 耐心 * *Para 10:* "The team also used a combination of mathematical modelling and existing brain scans to map the size and location of lesions in the medial prefrontal cortex." * Draft: 团队还结合数学模型和现有的脑部扫描，绘制了内侧前额叶皮层病变的大小和位置图。 * "The results suggest that specific impulsive influences are driven by the different regions of the mPFC." * Draft: 结果表明，特定的冲动影响是由mPFC的不同区域驱动的。 * *Para 11:* "Lesions in the dorsomedial section, which sits towards the top of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were shown to have had the most significant impact on the social influence on impulsivity." * Draft: 位于前额叶皮层（PFC）顶部附近的背内侧区域的病变，被证明对冲动性的社会影响具有最显著的作用。 * "Meanwhile, lesions on the ventromedial section lower down in the PFC were found to have a greater impact on being impulsive in general, before social influence." * Draft: 与此同时，位于PFC较低位置的腹内侧区域的病变，则被发现对社会影响之前的一般性冲动行为有更大的影响。 4. **Final Review and Polish:** * Check terminology: * medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) -> 内侧前额叶皮层 * dorsomedial section -> 背内侧区域 * ventromedial section -> 腹内侧区域 * focal damage -> 局灶性损伤 * lesions -> 病变/损伤 * senior corresponding author -> 资深通讯作者 * neural basis -> 神经基础 * Check flow and tone: The tone should be academic and objective. * Check data: 121 participants, 33 mPFC, 17 elsewhere, 71 healthy. Correct. * *Self-Correction on Para 1:* "damage... were linked to being influenced... while another region was causally linked with choosing..." -> The subject shifts from "damage" to "

来自伯明翰大学的苏志林是该研究的主要作者之一，他表示：

“我们得以研究一大群内侧前额叶皮层遭受极其罕见的特定损伤的参与者。这为我们提供了一个机会，能够非常精确地考察这种损伤是否会影响人们受他人影响的程度。我们发现，在遭受损伤后，人们仍然能够了解他人的偏好，但他们受这些偏好影响的程度也大大增加了。”