针对语言障碍的新型治疗方法显示出前景

* "electrodes on the scalp": 头皮上的电极. * *Paragraph 2:* * "A new study published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research describes the treatment approach..." * "Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research": 《言语、语言与听力研究杂志》. * "...which the researchers found to be more effective at managing PPA compared to speech therapy alone." * "managing PPA": 管理/治疗PPA. * "speech therapy alone": 单纯言语治疗. * *Paragraph 3:* * "Primary progressive aphasia is a condition that causes worsening of communication skills over time." * "worsening of communication skills": 沟通能力逐渐恶化/衰退. * "It was identified in the literature only in the last three to four decades..." * "identified in the literature": 在文献中被确认/记载. * "last three to four decades": 过去三四十年间. * "...so it is considered pretty new in the health care world -- it's still an understudied area..." * "health care world": 医疗保健领域. * "understudied area": 研究不足的领域. * "Katlyn Nickels, the study's lead researcher and a postdoctoral researcher in the U of A Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences." * "lead researcher": 首席研究员/主要研究者. * "postdoctoral researcher": 博士后研究员. * "Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences": 言语、语言与听力科学系. * *Paragraph 4:* * "While writing and speaking words, people don't just retrieve their meaning." * "retrieve": 提取. * "They also retrieve the sound of a word while it is being spoken or written, said Aneta Kielar, the study's senior author and an associate professor in the Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences." * "senior author": 资深作者/通讯作者. * "associate professor": 副教授. * *Paragraph 5:* * "If there is a problem with associating words with the way they sound, it is difficult to put letters together and speak or write a word, Kielar said." * "associating words with the way they sound": 将单词与其发音联系起来. * "put letters together": 组合字母/拼写. * "This affects people's communication in their day-to-day life and their ability to work." * "day-to-day life": 日常生活. * "For their study, the researchers focused on a type of PPA called the logopenic PPA, in which people have trouble finding the right words and repeating phrases or sentences." * "logopenic PPA": 逻辑变异型原发性进行性失语症 / 逻辑型PPA. (Standard translation is 逻辑变异型 or 逻辑型). * "finding the right words": 找词. * "repeating phrases or sentences": 复述短语或句子. * *Paragraph 6:* * "The researchers did neuroimaging analysis of the brain to determine the area of the brain that needs to be stimulated, as people with PPA have brain atrophy or a loss of brain cells." * "neuroimaging analysis": 神经影像学分析. * "brain atrophy": 脑萎缩. * "loss of brain cells": 脑细胞缺失/丢失. * *Paragraph 7 (after div):* * "'We wanted to stimulate the area that is most responsive to language and were careful not to stimulate an area that would have been atrophied already,' Kielar said." * "most responsive to language": 对语言反应最灵敏/最活跃的区域. * "atrophied already": 已经萎缩. * *Paragraph 8:* * "Twelve individuals with written language deficits each received two phases of treatment..." * "written language deficits": 书面语言障碍/书写障碍. * "two phases of treatment": 两个阶段的治疗. * "...in one phase, they got speech therapy paired with active transcranial direct current stimulation." * "active transcranial direct current stimulation": 真实经颅直流电刺激 / 真刺激. (Usually translated as "真实经颅直流电刺激" or "主动经颅直流电刺激" in contrast to placebo). * "In another phase, they received the same speech therapy with placebo transcranial direct current stimulation." * "placebo transcranial direct current stimulation": 伪经颅直流电刺激 / 安慰剂经颅直流电刺激. (Scientific term is usually "伪刺激" or "安慰剂刺激"). * "The order of the phases was randomized and separated by a two-month break in between." * "randomized": 随机化. * "separated by a two-month break": 间隔两个月. * *Paragraph 9:* * "Although all participants improved after both treatments, they showed greater and more lasting improvement following the phase with active transcranial direct current stimulation compared to placebo transcranial direct current stimulation." * "greater and more lasting improvement": 更大且更持久的改善. * *Paragraph 10:* * "'People who made numerous spelling errors and struggled to frame complete sentences before the treatment were able to form sentences that were grammatically correct, had fewer spelling errors and were more meaningful after treatment,' Kielar said." * "numerous spelling errors": 大量拼写错误. * "struggled to frame complete sentences": 难以组织完整句子. * "grammatically correct": 语法正确. * "more meaningful": 更有意义/表意更清晰. 3. **Drafting the Translation (Iterative refinement):** * *P1:* 亚利桑那大学的神经科学家提出了一种治疗原发性进行性失语症（PPA）的新方法，该方法将传统言语治疗与大脑非侵入性电刺激相结合。这种技术被称为经颅直流电刺激，利用通过头皮上的电极施加的低强度电流。 * *P2:* 发表在《言语、语言与听力研究杂志》上的一项新研究描述了这种治疗方法，研究人员发现，与单纯言语治疗相比，该方法在管理PPA方面更为有效。 * *P3:* “原发性进行性失语症是一种导致沟通能力随时间推移而恶化的疾病。它在文献中仅在过去三四十年才被确认，因此在医疗保健领域被认为相当新颖——这仍然是一个研究不足的领域，”该研究的主要研究员、亚利桑那大学言语、语言与听力科学系博士后研究员Katlyn Nickels说。 * *P4:* 该研究的资深作者、言语、语言与听力科学系副教授Aneta Kielar表示，在书写和口语表达单词时，人们不仅是在提取其含义，还会提取单词在被说出或书写时的发音。 * *P5:* Kielar说，如果将单词与其发音联系起来的过程出现问题，就很难将字母组合起来进行口语表达或书写。这会影响人们的日常交流和工作能力。在这项研究中，研究人员重点关注了一种称为逻辑变异型PPA（logopenic PPA）的类型，这类患者在找词和复述短语或句子方面存在困难。 * *P6:* 研究人员对大脑进行了神经影像学分析，以确定需要刺激的大脑区域，因为PPA患者存在脑萎缩或脑细胞缺失。 * *P7:* “我们希望刺激对语言反应最灵敏的区域，并小心避免刺激已经萎缩的区域，”Kielar说。 * *P8:* 12名患有书面语言障碍的个体每人接受了两个阶段的治疗：在一个阶段中，他们接受言语治疗配合真实经 * *Draft:* 研究人员表示，脑刺激有助于诱导神经可塑性，即大脑持续重组和学习的能力。 * *Sentence 2:* "And it boosted the effects of speech therapy." * *Key terms:* boosted (增强/提升), speech therapy (言语治疗/语言治疗). * *Draft:* 并且它增强了言语治疗的效果。 * *Sentence 3:* "What that means is that brain stimulation can induce the formation of synapses, the connections between neurons." * *Key terms:* synapses (突触), connections (连接), neurons (神经元). * *Draft:* “这意味着脑刺激可以诱导突触的形成，突触是神经元之间的连接，” Kielar 说。 * *Sentence 4:* "These connections are important for people's ability to learn and maintain new skills," Kielar said. * *Draft:* “这些连接对于人们学习和维持新技能的能力至关重要。” * *Sentence 5:* "In the future, the research group is planning to look at the genetic, cognitive and neural markers that influence the recovery from PPA." * *Key terms:* genetic (遗传), cognitive (认知), neural markers (神经标记物), PPA (Primary Progressive Aphasia - 原发性进行性失语). * *Draft:* 未来，该研究小组计划研究影响原发性进行性失语（PPA）康复的遗传、认知和神经标记物。 * *Sentence 6:* "The researchers' long-term goal is to translate their research findings to a clinical setting." * *Key terms:* translate (转化/应用), clinical setting (临床环境/临床实践). * *Draft:* 研究人员的长期目标是将他们的研究发现转化为临床应用。 * *Sentence 7:* "Because transcranial direct current stimulation is inexpensive, safe and easy to perform, the barriers to implementing it in clinical practice are less significant, Nickels said." * *Key terms:* transcranial direct current stimulation (经颅直流电刺激 - tDCS), inexpensive (成本低/廉价), barriers (障碍), less significant (较小/不那么显著). * *Draft:* Nickels 表示，由于经颅直流电刺激成本低廉、安全且易于操作，在临床实践中实施它的障碍较小。 * *Sentence 8:* "There's a misconception sometimes with neurodegenerative diseases, that once you get a diagnosis, there is nothing that can be done," Nickels said. * *Key terms:* misconception (误解), neurodegenerative diseases (神经退行性疾病), diagnosis (诊断). * *Draft:* “对于神经退行性疾病，有时存在一种误解，即一旦确诊，就无能为力了，” Nickels 说。 * *Sentence 9:* "But we have learned through our research that even when there's a progressive brain disease, we can help restore lost function and even slow down the progression." * *Key terms:* progressive brain disease (进行性脑部疾病), restore lost function (恢复丧失的功能), slow down the progression (延缓病程/减缓进展). * *Draft:* “但我们要通过研究了解到，即使患有进行性脑部疾病，我们也可以帮助恢复丧失的功能，甚至延缓病程进展。” * *Sentence 10 (Funding block):* "This work was supported by the following grants to the senior author, Aneta Kielar: Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Grant, Arizona Department of Health Services (018676-00001); Innovations in Healthy Aging: Grand Challenges of Aging Seed Grant, The University of Arizona Health Sciences (2259304); and Data Science Academy-Transdisciplinary Research in Principles of Data Science at The University of Arizona (2259910). Research reported in the publication was supported by the Arizona Department of Health Services and the state of Arizona (ADHS Grant No. CTR057001) to Aneta Kielar." * *Key terms:* senior author (资深作者), grants (资助/拨款), Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (亚利桑那阿尔茨海默病联盟), Arizona Department of Health Services (亚利桑那州卫生服务部), Innovations in Healthy Aging (健康老龄化创新), Grand Challenges of Aging Seed Grant (老龄化重大挑战种子基金), The University of Arizona Health Sciences (亚利桑那大学健康科学中心), Data Science Academy (数据科学学院), Transdisciplinary Research in Principles of Data Science (数据科学原理的跨学科研究). * *Draft:* 这项工作得到了资深作者 Aneta Kielar 获得的以下资助的支持：亚利桑那阿尔茨海默病联盟资助，亚利桑那州卫生服务部 (018676-00001)；健康老龄化创新：老龄化重大挑战种子基金，亚利桑那大学健康科学中心 (2259304)；以及亚利桑那大学数据科学学院-数据科学原理跨学科研究 (2259910)。出版物中报告的研究得到了亚利桑那州卫生服务部和亚利桑那州给予 Aneta Kielar 的支持（ADHS 资助编号 CTR057001）。 3. **Review and Refine:** * *Paragraph 1:* "The researchers say brain stimulation helped induce neuroplasticity, the brain's capacity to continue to reorganize and learn. And it boosted the effects of speech therapy." * *Refinement:* 研究人员表示，脑刺激有助于诱导神经可塑性，即大脑持续重组和学习的能力。此外，它还增强了言语治疗的效果。 (Added "此外" for flow). * *Paragraph 2:* "What that means is that brain stimulation can induce the formation of synapses, the connections between neurons. These connections are important for people's ability to learn and maintain new skills," Kielar said. * *Refinement:* “这意味着脑刺激可以诱导突触——神经元之间的连接——的形成，” Kielar 说，“这些连接对于人们学习和维持新技能的能力至关重要。” (Adjusted punctuation for better Chinese flow). * *Paragraph 3:* "In the future, the research group is planning to look at the genetic, cognitive and neural markers that influence the recovery from PPA. The researchers' long-term goal is to translate their research findings to a clinical setting." * *Refinement:* 未来，该研究小组计划研究影响原发性进行性失语（PPA）康复的遗传、认知和神经标记物。研究人员的长期目标是将研究发现转化为临床应用。 * *Paragraph 4:* "Because transcranial direct current stimulation is inexpensive, safe and easy to perform, the barriers to implementing it in clinical practice are less significant, Nickels said." * *Refinement:* Nickels 表示，由于经颅直流电刺激成本低廉、安全且易于操作，将其应用于临床实践的障碍较小。 ("Implementing" -> "将其应用于"). * *Paragraph 5:* "There's a misconception sometimes with neurodegenerative diseases, that once you get a diagnosis, there is nothing that can be done," Nickels said. "But we have learned through our research that even when there's a progressive brain disease, we can help restore lost function and even slow down the progression." * *Refinement:* “对于神经退行性疾病，有时存在一种误解，认为一旦确诊，就无计可施了，” Nickels 说，“但我们要通过研究了解到，即使患有进行性脑部疾病，我们也能帮助恢复丧失的功能，甚至延缓病程进展。” ("nothing that can be done" -> "无计可施" sounds more natural in this context, or "无能为力". I will stick to "无能为力" or "无计可施". Let's use "无能为力" as it fits the tone of medical helplessness better. "slow down the progression" -> "延缓病程进展"). * *Paragraph 6 (Funding):* Needs precise translation of grant names. * "Innovations in Healthy Aging: Grand Challenges of Aging Seed Grant" -> 健康老龄化创新：老龄化重大挑战种子基金. * "Data Science Academy-Transdisciplinary Research in Principles of Data Science" -> 数据科学学院——数据科学原理跨学科研究. * *Refinement:* 本项工作得到了资深作者 Aneta Kielar 获得的以下资助支持：亚利桑那阿尔茨海默病联盟资助，亚利桑那州卫生服务部 (018676-00001)；健康老龄化创新：老龄化重大挑战种子基金，亚利桑那大学健康科学中心 (2259304)；以及亚利桑那大学数据科学学院——数据科学原理跨学科研究 (2259910)。本出版物报道