童年创伤显著增加了在18岁之前发生有害饮酒、吸烟和非法药物使用的可能性。
- Over 80% of participants had experienced at least one traumatic event, such as serious accidents, abuse, domestic violence, or the loss of a parent by the age of 18.
- ...` * *Draft:* 超过80%的参与者在18岁时经历过至少一次创伤事件，例如严重事故、虐待、家庭暴力或失去父母。 * *Refinement:* "by the age of 18" -> 在18岁之前/截至18岁. "loss of a parent" -> 丧亲/失去父母. * *Final Polish:* 超过80%的参与者在18岁之前曾经历过至少一次创伤事件，如严重事故、虐待、家庭暴力或失去父母。 * **Segment 3:** `
- 25% of adolescents had encountered three or more traumatic experiences by age 18.
- ` * *Draft:* 25%的青少年在18岁时遇到过三次或更多创伤经历。 * *Refinement:* "encountered" -> 经历/遭遇. * *Final Polish:* 25%的青少年在18岁之前遭遇过三次或更多创伤经历。 * **Segment 4:** `
- Exposure to traumatic events was strongly linked to an increased likelihood of substance use among adolescents, such that 37% of all problematic alcohol use, 59% of all smoking, and 28% of all illicit drug use at age 18 was explained by childhood trauma exposure.
The study also uncovered an intriguing connection between trauma and cardiovascular health. While the researchers initially expected trauma to be associated with elevated heart rate and blood pressure, they found the opposite: adolescents who experienced more traumatic events had lower heart rate and lower blood pressure, consistent with better cardiovascular health. These findings were unexpected given well-established links between childhood trauma and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life.
` * *Draft:* 该研究还揭示了创伤与心血管健康之间有趣的联系。虽然研究人员最初预计创伤与心率和血压升高有关，但他们发现了相反的情况：经历过更多创伤事件的青少年心率和血压较低，这与较好的心血管健康一致。考虑到童年创伤与晚年心血管疾病风险增加之间已确立的联系，这些发现是出乎意料的。 * *Refinement:* "intriguing" -> 引人注目的/有趣的. "elevated" -> 升高. "consistent with" -> 与...一致. "well-established links" -> 既定联系/公认的联系. * *Final Polish:* 该研究还揭示了创伤与心血管健康之间引人注目的联系。虽然研究人员最初预期创伤与心率和血压升高有关，但他们发现了相反的结果：经历过更多创伤事件的青少年心率和血压较低，这与较好的心血管健康状况相一致。鉴于童年创伤与晚年心血管疾病风险增加之间已确立的联系，这些发现出乎意料。 * **Segment 6:** `Lead researcher Megan Bailey from the University of Bath's Department of Psychology said:
` * *Draft:* 巴斯大学心理学系的首席研究员Megan Bailey说： * *Refinement:* Names usually transliterated or kept. I will keep the name or translate if standard. Megan Bailey -> 梅根·贝利. University of Bath -> 巴斯大学. * *Final Polish:* 巴斯大学心理学系的首席研究员梅根·贝利表示： * **Segment 7:** `"These findings suggest that reducing childhood trauma exposure could have a profound impact on reducing rates of substance use and addiction in Brazil. Our findings in relation to cardiovascular health were unexpected, as previous research has consistently shown that childhood trauma exposure increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life. More research is needed to fully understand the complex effect of childhood trauma on cardiovascular health across the lifespan."
` * *Draft:* “这些发现表明，减少童年创伤暴露可能对减少巴西的物质使用和成瘾率产生深远影响。我们关于心血管健康的发现是出乎意料的，因为以前的研究一致表明，童年创伤暴露增加了晚年患心血管疾病的风险。需要更多的研究来充分了解童年创伤对整个生命周期心血管健康的复杂影响。” * *Refinement:* "rates of substance use and addiction" -> 物质使用和成瘾率. "across the lifespan" -> 整个生命周期. * *Final Polish:* “这些发现表明，减少童年创伤暴露可能对降低巴西的物质使用和成瘾率产生深远影响。我们关于心血管健康的发现出乎意料，因为以往的研究一致表明，童年创伤暴露会增加晚年患心血管疾病的风险。需要开展更多研究，以充分了解童年创伤对整个生命周期中心血管健康的复杂影响。” * **Segment 8:** `Co-author Professor Graeme Fairchild, also from the Department of Psychology, said:
` * *Draft:* 同样来自心理学系的合著者Graeme Fairchild教授说： * *Refinement:* Graeme Fairchild -> 格雷姆·费尔柴尔德. * *Final Polish:* 同样来自心理学系的合著者格雷姆·费尔柴尔德教授表示： * **Segment 9:** `"It is surprising to see lower heart rate and blood pressure being associated with childhood trauma in this study of Brazilian adolescents. One possible explanation for this is that some adolescents with mental health conditions -- such as conduct disorder or antisocial behaviour -- often have a lower resting heart rate. This could help explain why we observed lower heart rates and blood pressure in those exposed to trauma and engaging in substance use -- as we already know that childhood trauma is strongly linked to conduct disorder."
` * *Draft:* “在这项针对巴西青少年的研究中，看到较低的心率和血压与童年创伤有关令人惊讶。对此的一个可能解释是，一些患有心理健康状况的青少年——如品行障碍或反社会行为——通常静息心率较低。这有助于解释为什么我们在那些暴露于创伤并从事物质使用的人中观察到较低的心率和血压——因为我们已经知道童年创伤与品行障碍密切相关。” * *Refinement:* "conduct disorder" -> 品行障碍. "antisocial behaviour" -> 反社会行为. "resting heart rate" -> 静息心率. * *Final Polish:* “在这项针对巴西青少年的研究中，发现较低的心率和血压与童年创伤相关，这令人惊讶。一种可能的解释是，一些患有心理健康状况——如品行障碍或反社会行为——的青少年通常静息心率较低。这可能有助于解释为什么我们在那些遭受创伤并使用物质的青少年中观察到较低的心率和血压——因为我们已经知道童年创伤与品行障碍密切相关。” * **Segment 10:** `Co-author Professor Sarah Halligan, also from the Department of Psychology, said:
` * *Draft:* 同样来自心理学系的合著者Sarah Halligan教授说： * *Refinement:* Sarah Halligan -> 萨拉·哈利根. * *Final Polish:* 同样来自心理学系的合著者萨拉·哈利根教授表示： * **Segment 11:** `