开发出具有治疗精神分裂症潜力的LSD类似物

* *Draft:* 这项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究强调了这种新药作为精神分裂症等疾病治疗选择的潜力，出于安全原因，致幻剂通常不被处方用于治疗这些疾病。 * *Refinement:* "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" -> 《美国国家科学院院刊》. "Psychedelics" -> 致幻剂. "Prescribed" -> 开具处方/处方使用. * *Polished:* 这项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究，凸显了这种新药作为精神分裂症等疾病治疗选择的潜力；出于安全考虑，致幻剂通常不被处方用于治疗此类疾病。 * **Segment 2:** * *Source:* "The compound also may be useful for treating other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by synaptic loss and brain atrophy." * *Draft:* 该化合物也可能用于治疗其他以突触丧失和脑萎缩为特征的神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病。 * *Refinement:* "Neuropsychiatric" -> 神经精神. "Neurodegenerative" -> 神经退行性. "Synaptic loss" -> 突触缺失/丧失. "Brain atrophy" -> 脑萎缩. * *Polished:* 该化合物也可能有助于治疗其他以突触丧失和脑萎缩为特征的神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病。 * **Segment 3:** * *Source:* "To design the drug, dubbed JRT, researchers flipped the position of just two atoms in LSD's molecular structure." * *Draft:* 为了设计这种被称为JRT的药物，研究人员翻转了LSD分子结构中仅两个原子的位置。 * *Refinement:* "Dubbed" -> 被称为/代号为. "Flipped" -> 翻转/调换. "LSD" -> 麦角酸二乙酰胺 (usually kept as LSD in scientific contexts or translated, but LSD is widely recognized. I will use LSD). * *Polished:* 为了设计这种代号为JRT的药物，研究人员仅翻转了LSD分子结构中两个原子的位置。 * **Segment 4:** * *Source:* "The chemical flip reduced JRT's hallucinogenic potential while maintaining its neurotherapeutic properties, including its ability to spur neuronal growth and repair damaged neuronal connections that are often observed in the brains of those with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases." * *Draft:* 这种化学翻转降低了JRT的致幻潜力，同时保持了其神经治疗特性，包括刺激神经元生长和修复受损神经元连接的能力，这些通常在神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病患者的大脑中观察到。 * *Refinement:* "Chemical flip" -> 化学翻转. "Hallucinogenic potential" -> 致幻潜力. "Neurotherapeutic properties" -> 神经治疗特性. "Spur" -> 刺激/促进. "Neuronal connections" -> 神经元连接. * *Polished:* 这种化学结构的翻转降低了JRT的致幻潜力，同时保留了其神经治疗特性，包括促进神经元生长以及修复受损神经元连接的能力，而这些受损连接常见于神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病患者的大脑中。 * **Segment 5:** * *Source:* "Basically, what we did here is a tire rotation," said corresponding author David E. Olson, director of the Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics and a professor of chemistry, and biochemistry and molecular medicine at UC Davis." * *Draft:* “基本上，我们在这里做的是轮胎换位，”通讯作者David E. Olson说，他是致幻剂与神经治疗研究所所长，加州大学戴维斯分校化学、生物化学和分子医学教授。 * *Refinement:* "Tire rotation" -> 轮胎换位 (a metaphor for swapping positions). "Corresponding author" -> 通讯作者. "Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics" -> 致幻剂与神经治疗研究所. "UC Davis" -> 加州大学戴维斯分校. * *Polished:* “基本上，我们所做的是一次‘轮胎换位’，”通讯作者、加州大学戴维斯分校致幻剂与神经治疗研究所所长、化学以及生物化学与分子医学教授David E. Olson说道。 * **Segment 6:** * *Source:* "By just transposing two atoms in LSD, we significantly improved JRT's selectivity profile and reduced its hallucinogenic potential." * *Draft:* “通过仅仅调换LSD中的两个原子，我们显著改善了JRT的选择性特征，并降低了其致幻潜力。” * *Refinement:* "Transposing" -> 调换/移位. "Selectivity profile" -> 选择性特征/谱. * *Polished:* “通过仅仅调换LSD中的两个原子，我们显著改善了JRT的选择性特征，并降低了其致幻潜力。” * **Segment 7:** * *Source:* "JRT exhibited powerful neuroplastic effects and improved measures in mice relevant to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, without exacerbating behaviors and gene expression associated with psychosis." * *Draft:* JRT表现出强大的神经可塑性效应，并改善了小鼠与精神分裂症阴性和认知症状相关的指标，而没有加剧与精神病相关的行为和基因表达。 * *Refinement:* "Neuroplastic effects" -> 神经可塑性效应. "Measures" -> 指标/测量结果. "Negative and cognitive symptoms" -> 阴性和认知症状. "Exacerbating" -> 加剧/恶化. "Psychosis" -> 精神病. * *Polished:* JRT表现出强大的神经可塑性效应，并改善了小鼠模型中与精神分裂症阴性症状和认知症状相关的指标，且未加剧与精神病相关的行为和基因表达。 * **Segment 8:** * *Source:* "No one really wants to give a hallucinogenic molecule like LSD to a patient with schizophrenia," said Olson, who is also co-founder and chief innovation officer of Delix Therapeutics, a company that aims to bring neuroplastogens to the market." * *Draft:* “没有人真的想给精神分裂症患者像LSD这样的致幻分子，”Olson说，他也是Delix Therapeutics的联合创始人兼首席创新官，这是一家旨在将神经可塑原推向市场的公司。 * *Refinement:* "Neuroplastogens" -> 神经可塑原 (a specific term coined in this field, sometimes translated as 神经塑性剂 or kept as neuroplastogen, but "神经可塑原" fits the context of "gens"). Let's use "神经可塑原" or "神经塑性药物". Given the context of "psychedelics" vs "neuroplastogens", "神经可塑原" is a precise translation often used in Chinese scientific news covering Olson's work. * *Polished:* “没人愿意给精神分裂症患者使用像LSD这样的致幻分子，”Olson说道，他也是Delix Therapeutics公司的联合创始人兼首席创新官，该公司致力于将神经可塑原推向市场。 * **Segment 9:** * *Source:* "The development of JRT emphasizes that we can use psychedelics like LSD as starting points to make better medicines. We may be able to create medications that can be used in patient populations where psychedelic use is precluded." * *Draft:* JRT的开发强调我们可以使用像LSD这样的致幻剂作为起点来制造更好的药物。我们可能能够创造出可以用于禁止使用致幻剂的患者群体的药物。 * *Refinement:* "Precluded" -> 禁止/排除. * *Polished:* “JRT的开发强调了一点，即我们可以利用像LSD这样的致幻剂作为起点来研发更好的药物。我们或许能够创造出可用于那些禁忌使用致幻剂的患者群体的药物。” * **Segment 10:** * *Source:* "Testing JRT's potential" * *Draft:* 测试JRT的潜力 * *Polished:* 测试JRT的潜力 * **Segment 11:** * *Source:* "Olson said that it took his team nearly five years to complete the 12-step synthesis process to produce * *Draft:* JRT促进了神经可塑性，即大脑中细胞连接的生长，导致前额叶皮层的树突棘密度增加了46%，突触密度增加了18%。 * *Refinement:* "Growth between cellular connections" is an appositive explaining neuroplasticity. The structure is clear. "Leading to" -> 导致/使得. The percentages need to be exact. * **Segment 2:** `

• JRT did not produce hallucinogenic-like behaviors that are typically seen when mice are dosed with LSD.
• ` * *Key terms:* Hallucinogenic-like behaviors (类致幻行为), dosed with (给药/服用), LSD (LSD/麦角酸二乙酰胺 - usually keep as LSD in scientific contexts or use LSD). * *Draft:* JRT没有产生通常在小鼠服用LSD时观察到的类致幻行为。 * *Refinement:* "Dosed with" implies administration. "Typically seen" -> 通常观察到的. * **Segment 3:** `
• JRT did not promote gene expression associated with schizophrenia. Such gene expression is typically amplified with LSD use.
• ` * *Key terms:* Gene expression (基因表达), schizophrenia (精神分裂症), amplified (增强/放大). * *Draft:* JRT没有促进与精神分裂症相关的基因表达。这种基因表达通常在使用LSD时会被增强。 * *Refinement:* "Promote" -> 促进. "Amplified" -> 增强. * **Segment 4:** `
• JRT produced robust anti-depressant effects, with it being around 100-fold more potent than ketamine, the state-of-the-art fast-acting anti-depressant.
• ` * *Key terms:* Robust (强效/显著), anti-depressant effects (抗抑郁作用), potent (强效/效力), ketamine (氯胺酮), state-of-the-art (最先进的/目前的金标准), fast-acting (速效). * *Draft:* JRT产生了显著的抗抑郁作用，其效力约为目前最先进的速效抗抑郁药氯胺酮的100倍。 * *Refinement:* "Robust" can be translated as 强劲 or 显著. "State-of-the-art" here refers to the current benchmark. "100-fold more potent" -> 效力约为...的100倍. * **Segment 5:** `
• JRT promoted cognitive flexibility, successfully addressing deficits in reversal learning that are associated with schizophrenia.
• ` * *Key terms:* Cognitive flexibility (认知灵活性), deficits (缺陷/障碍), reversal learning (逆向学习/反转学习), associated with (与...相关). * *Draft:* JRT促进了认知灵活性，成功解决了与精神分裂症相关的逆向学习缺陷。 * *Refinement:* "Addressing" -> 解决/改善. In a medical context, "改善" (improve) or "纠正" (correct) might be smoother, but "解决" (address) is acceptable. Let's use "改善" or "纠正" for better flow? "Addressing deficits" usually implies fixing or mitigating. "成功改善了...缺陷" sounds natural. * **Segment 6:** `

  "JRT has extremely high therapeutic potential. Right now, we are testing it in other disease models, improving its synthesis, and creating new analogues of JRT that might be even better," Olson said.

  ` * *Key terms:* Therapeutic potential (治疗潜力), disease models (疾病模型), synthesis (合成), analogues (类似物). * *Draft:* “JRT具有极高的治疗潜力。目前，我们正在其他疾病模型中对其进行测试，改进其合成工艺，并创造可能效果更好的JRT新类似物，”Olson说。 * *Refinement:* "Improving its synthesis" -> 改进其合成方法/工艺. * **Segment 7:** `

  A more effective treatment for schizophrenia

  ` * *Draft:* **一种更有效的精神分裂症治疗方法** * **Segment 8:** `

  Olson emphasized JRT's potential for treating the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, as most current treatments produce limited effects on anhedonia -- the inability to feel pleasure -- and cognitive function. Clozapine is the one exception, but it has side effects, and is not first-line drug of choice for people severely afflicted with schizophrenia.

  ` * *Key terms:* Negative and cognitive symptoms (阴性和认知症状), anhedonia (快感缺失), Clozapine (氯氮平), first-line drug (一线药物). * *Draft:* Olson强调了JRT在治疗精神分裂症阴性和认知症状方面的潜力，因为目前大多数治疗方法对快感缺失——即无法感受到快乐——和认知功能的效果有限。氯氮平是一个例外，但它有副作用，并不是重度精神分裂症患者的首选一线药物。 * *Refinement:* "Inability to feel pleasure" -> 无法感受到快乐. "Severely afflicted" -> 重度患病/深受其害. "First-line drug of choice" -> 首选一线药物. * **Segment 9:** `

  Olson and his team are currently testing JRT's potential against other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.

  ` * *Key terms:* Neurodegenerative (神经退行性), neuropsychiatric (神经精神). * *Draft:* Olson及其团队目前正在测试JRT针对其他神经退行性疾病和神经精神疾病的潜力。 * **Segment 10:** `

  Additional coauthors include ... [List of names] ...

  ` * *Strategy:* Transliterate names or keep them in English? In scientific papers translated for Chinese audiences, names are often kept in English to ensure accuracy, or transliterated if very famous. Given the instruction to be a "professional tech translator" and retain details, keeping names in English is the safest and most standard practice for lists of coauthors in translated abstracts/reports to avoid ambiguity. However, if the target audience is purely Chinese speakers who might struggle with English names, transliteration is an option. But standard academic translation usually preserves the original spelling of author names to allow for citation lookup. I will keep the names in English. * *Draft:* 其他共同作者包括 Yara A. Khatib, Cassandra J. Hatzipantelis... (list remains same). * **Segment 11:** `

  The research reported on here was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the UC Davis Provost's Undergraduate Fellowship, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the Dr. Mohsen Najafi Research Award in Medicinal Chemistry, the Boone Family Foundation, Hope for Depression Research Foundation, the Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium, the L.I.F.E. Foundation, the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative Imaging Scientist Award, and a National Science Foundation NeuroNex Award.

  ` * *Key terms:* * National Institutes of Health (NIH) -> 美国国立卫生研究院 * UC Davis Provost's Undergraduate Fellowship -> 加州大学戴维斯分校教务长本科生奖学金 * Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation -> 卡米尔和亨利·德雷福斯基金会 * Dr. Mohsen Najafi Research Award in Medicinal Chemistry -> Mohsen Najafi药物化学研究奖 * Boone Family Foundation -> 布恩家族基金会 * Hope for Depression Research Foundation -> 希望抑郁症研究基金会 * Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium -> 普利兹克神经精神疾病研究联盟 * L.I.F.E. Foundation -> L.I.F.E.基金会 * Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative Imaging Scientist Award -> 陈-扎克伯格倡议影像科学家奖 * National Science Foundation NeuroNex Award -> 美国国家科学基金会NeuroNex奖 * *Draft:* 此处报道的研究由美国国立卫生研究院、加州大学戴维斯分校教务长本科生奖学金、卡米尔和亨利·德雷福斯基金会、Mohsen Najafi药物化学研究奖、布恩家族基金会、希望抑郁症研究基金会、普利兹克神经精神疾病研究联盟、L.I.F.E.基金会、陈-扎克伯格倡议影像科学家奖以及美国国家科学基金会NeuroNex奖的资助支持。 3.