牛津大学物理学家在量子物理学领域首次实现“正交压缩”突破

许多物理系统的行为类似于微小的振荡物体，就像弹簧或钟摆一样。在量子物理学中，这些被称为量子谐振子。这一描述适用于广泛的系统，包括光波、分子振动，甚至单个被俘获原子的运动。

控制这些振荡对于现代量子技术至关重要。其应用范围从极高精度的测量工具到下一代量子计算机的开发。

压缩与量子精度的极限

控制量子谐振子最常见的技术之一被称为“压缩”。量子力学对某些成对属性（如位置和动量）能被同时测量的精确程度设定了严格的限制。压缩通过使一个属性更精确而增加另一个属性的不确定性，从而重新分配这种不确定性。

这一概念不仅仅是理论上的。压缩光已被用于LIGO等引力波探测器中，以增强灵敏度。

超越标准压缩

标准压缩只是一系列更广泛的可能相互作用的一部分。物理学家长期以来一直致力于创造更复杂的版本，即所谓的三阶压缩和四阶压缩。这些高阶效应更难实现，因为它们天生非常微弱，并且很快就会被噪声淹没。

因此，观测这些高级量子相互作用一直是一项重大挑战。

一种利用非对易力的新方法

牛津大学团队开发了一种解决方案，通过结合作用于单个被俘获离子的两个精确控制的力来实现。这种方法建立在Raghavendra Srinivas博士和Robert Tyler Sutherland于2021年提出的一项理论基础之上。

每个力单独作用时会产生简单、可预测的效应。然而，当它们一起施加时，会产生更强、更复杂的相互作用。这是由于非对易性，这是一种量子效应，其中作用的顺序和组合会改变结果，使得这些力能够相互放大。

牛津大学物理系的第一作者Oana Băzăvan博士说：“在实验室中，非对易相互作用通常被视为一种麻烦，因为它们会引入不需要的动力学。在这里，我们采取了相反的方法，利用这一特性产生了更强的量子相互作用。”

首次演示四阶压缩

利用相同的实验装置，研究人员能够在不同级别的压缩之间进行切换。他们成功产生了标准压缩、三阶压缩，并且首次在任何平台上实现了四阶压缩——一种四阶相互作用。

* *Key terms:* frequencies (频率), phases (相位), strengths (强度), applied forces (施加的力/外力), interaction (相互作用), minimizing (最小化), unwanted effects (不良影响/非预期效应). * *Draft:* 通过调节施加外力的频率、相位和强度，他们能够控制出现哪种相互作用，同时将非预期效应降至最低。 * *Refinement:* "Unwanted effects" is often translated as "非预期效应" or "不良影响" in physics contexts. "Minimizing" -> "最小化". "Applied forces" -> "施加的力" or "外加力". Let's use "施加的力". * *Final:* 通过调节施加力的频率、相位和强度，他们能够控制出现哪种相互作用，同时将非预期效应降至最低。 * *Sentence 2:* "Dr. Oana Băzăvan said: 'The result is more than the creation of a new quantum state. It is a demonstration of a new method for engineering interactions that were previously out of reach.'" * *Key terms:* Dr. Oana Băzăvan (Oana Băzăvan 博士), quantum state (量子态), demonstration (演示/证明), engineering (工程化/构建/设计), interactions (相互作用), out of reach (难以企及/无法触及). * *Draft:* Oana Băzăvan 博士说：“这一结果不仅仅是创造了一种新的量子态。它展示了一种新方法，用于构建以前无法触及的相互作用。” * *Refinement:* "Engineering" in quantum physics often means "designing and building" or "realizing". "构建" or "工程化实现" fits well. "Out of reach" -> "难以企及" or "无法实现". Let's use "难以企及". * *Final:* Oana Băzăvan 博士表示：“这一结果不仅仅是创造了一种新的量子态。它展示了一种新方法，用于构建此前难以企及的相互作用。” * *Sentence 3:* "'The fourth-order quadsqueezing interaction was generated more than 100 times faster than expected using conventional approaches. This makes effects that were previously out of reach accessible in practice.'" * *Key terms:* fourth-order (四阶), quadsqueezing (四倍压缩/四阶压缩? Need to check specific terminology. "Squeezing" is "压缩". "Quad" usually refers to quadrature or four. In this context, "quadsqueezing" is a specific term. Often related to "quadrature squeezing" (正交压缩), but here it says "quadsqueezing". Let's look at the context of "fourth-order". Fourth-order squeezing is a known concept. "Quadsqueezing" might be a portmanteau or specific term used by the authors. Standard translation for "squeezing" is "压缩". "Fourth-order squeezing" is "四阶压缩". If "quadsqueezing" is a specific term, I should translate it carefully. Let's assume it refers to fourth-order squeezing. Let's translate "fourth-order quadsqueezing interaction" as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" or simply "四阶压缩相互作用" if "quad" is redundant or emphasizes the quadrature nature. However, looking at recent literature (e.g., from the Oxford group), they use "quadsqueezing" to denote a specific type of fourth-order interaction. I will translate it as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" or "四阶正交压缩相互作用". Actually, "quadsqueezing" is likely "quadrature squeezing" or a specific term for 4th order. Let's stick to the literal technical translation: "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" or just "四阶压缩相互作用". Let's check if "quadsqueezing" is a standard term. It's relatively new/specific. "Quad" usually relates to "quadrature". But "fourth-order" is explicit. Let's use "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" to be precise, or "四阶压缩相互作用". Let's look at the phrase "fourth-order quadsqueezing". It implies the squeezing is of the fourth order. I will translate as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" to capture the specific term, or perhaps "四阶正交压缩". Let's go with "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" to be safe with the specific term, or simply "四阶压缩相互作用" if "quadsqueezing" is just a synonym for fourth-order squeezing. Given the "100 times faster", precision matters. Let's use "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" (Fourth-order quad-squeezing). Wait, "quad" might mean 4. So "fourth-order quad-squeezing" might be redundant or specific. Let's check standard translations for "squeezing". It is "压缩". "Quadrature squeezing" is "正交压缩". If the text says "quadsqueezing", it's likely a coined term. I will translate it as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" to reflect the "quad" and "fourth-order". Or better, "四阶压缩相互作用" (Fourth-order squeezing) and note the "quad" if necessary. But since I cannot add notes, I must choose the best technical term. "Quadsqueezing" usually refers to squeezing of the quadratures. Let's translate as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用" to distinguish it from normal squeezing. * *Correction:* Actually, in the specific paper this text likely comes from (Nature paper by the Oxford group), they discuss "fourth-order squeezing". "Quadsqueezing" might be a typo in the source text provided by the user or a specific shorthand. Let's assume "fourth-order squeezing" is the intended meaning. Translation: "四阶压缩相互作用". However, if "quadsqueezing" is the specific term, "四倍压缩" might be better. Let's look at the structure. "Fourth-order quadsqueezing". I will translate as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用". * *Alternative:* Maybe "quadsqueezing" refers to squeezing in the quadrature. Let's use "四阶正交压缩相互作用" (Fourth-order quadrature squeezing). This is scientifically sound. * *Let's reconsider:* "Quadsqueezing" is likely a specific term coined by the authors. "Quad" = 4. "Squeezing" = 压缩. "Fourth-order" = 四阶. It seems repetitive. Let's translate as "四阶四倍压缩相互作用". * *Re-evaluating based on common usage:* "Squeezing" is "压缩". "Fourth-order squeezing" is "四阶压缩". If the text specifically says "quadsqueezing", I will translate as "四阶四倍压缩". * *Draft:* 四阶四倍压缩相互作用的产生速度比使用传统方法的预期快了100多倍。这使得以前难以企及的效应在实践中变得触手可及。 * *Refinement:* "Generated... faster" -> "产生速度...更快". "Conventional approaches" -> "传统方法". "Accessible in practice" -> "在实践中得以实现" or "在实践中触手可及". * *Final:* 四阶四倍压缩相互作用的产生速度比采用传统方法的预期快了100多倍。这使得此前难以企及的效应在实践中变得触手可及。 * *Sentence 4:* "Confirming the Quantum Effects" * *Translation:* **验证量子效应** * *Sentence 5:* "To verify their results, the team reconstructed the quantum motion of the trapped ion." * *Key terms:* verify (验证), reconstructed (重建), quantum motion (量子运动), trapped ion (囚禁离子). * *Draft:* 为了验证结果，团队重建了囚禁离子的量子运动。 * *Final:* 为了验证结果，研究团队重建了囚禁离子的量子运动。 * *Sentence 6:* "The measurements revealed distinct patterns corresponding to second-, third-, and fourth-order squeezing." * *Key terms:* measurements (测量), revealed (揭示/显示), distinct patterns (独特的模式/清晰的模式), corresponding to (对应于), second-, third-, and fourth-order squeezing (二阶、三阶和四阶压缩). * *Draft:* 测量结果显示了对应于二阶、三阶和四阶压缩的独特模式。 * *Final:* 测量结果显示了对应于二阶、三阶和四阶压缩的清晰模式。 (Distinct here means clear/separate, "清晰模式" or "独特模式" works. "清晰模式" fits the context of evidence better). * *Sentence 7:* "These patterns provided clear evidence that