科学家对佛罗里达州市场上销售的金顶侧耳发出警告

* "Michelle Jusino, assistant professor of forest pathology at the School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences at the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS)..." -> 食品与农业科学研究所 (UF/IFAS) 林业、渔业与测绘科学学院的森林病理学助理教授 Michelle Jusino... * "...says that growing this popular species comes with important responsibilities." -> 表示，种植这种受欢迎的物种伴随着重要的责任。 * "While it is prized in the kitchen, it may not remain contained once introduced outdoors." -> 虽然它在厨房中备受推崇，但一旦引入户外，可能就无法被控制住了。 * *Para 2:* * "The golden oyster mushroom may look harmless on a log, but it appears to be a strong competitor in the forest," she said. -> “黄金牡蛎菇（golden oyster mushroom，学名：金黄侧耳，通常指金黄侧耳 *Pleurotus citrinopileatus*，此处保留通俗译名或译为黄金菇/金顶侧耳，科技翻译常用‘黄金牡蛎菇’或‘金顶侧耳’。考虑到上下文通俗性，‘黄金牡蛎菇’或‘金黄侧耳’皆可。Let's use '黄金牡蛎菇' as it translates the English name directly, or '金顶侧耳' which is the scientific name. Given the context is a news article about a specific species, '黄金牡蛎菇' is a good translation for 'golden oyster mushroom', but '金顶侧耳' is the precise Chinese name. I will use '黄金牡蛎菇' as it matches the English phrasing better for a general audience article, but keep the scientific accuracy in mind. Actually, '金顶侧耳' is the standard Chinese name. Let's stick to a clear translation. '黄金牡蛎菇' is acceptable in popular science. Let's use '黄金牡蛎菇' to align with the English text's descriptive nature.) -> “黄金牡蛎菇在原木上看起来可能无害，但在森林中它似乎是一个强有力的竞争者，”她说。 * "It is associated with changes in the fungal community, reducing biodiversity and potentially affecting processes like wood decomposition and carbon cycling." -> 它与真菌群落的变化有关，会降低生物多样性，并可能影响木材分解和碳循环等过程。 * *Heading 1:* * "Human Activity Driving Mushroom Spread Across the US" -> 人类活动推动蘑菇在美国各地蔓延 * *Para 3:* * "Jusino's warning follows a recently published field study in Wisconsin that she helped design during her time with the U.S. Forest Service." -> Jusino 的警告紧随其后于威斯康星州最近发表的一项实地研究，该研究是她在美国林务局任职期间协助设计的。 * "The research highlights how everyday human activities, including purchasing, cultivating, and transporting mushrooms, can unintentionally introduce invasive species into new environments." -> 该研究强调了日常人类活动，包括购买、种植和运输蘑菇，是如何在无意中将入侵物种引入新环境的。 * *Para 4:* * "To track the spread, researchers relied on community science platforms such as iNaturalist and Mushroom Observer." -> 为了追踪其蔓延情况，研究人员依赖于 iNaturalist 和 Mushroom Observer 等社区科学平台。 * "These records allowed them to map sightings of the golden oyster mushroom across North America." -> 这些记录使他们能够绘制黄金牡蛎菇在北美的目击地图。 * "In roughly ten years, the species has expanded into more than 25 U.S. states, including Texas, District of Colombia, Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana." -> 在大约十年的时间里，该物种已扩展到美国 25 个以上的州，包括德克萨斯州、哥伦比亚特区、弗吉尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州、阿拉巴马州和路易斯安那州。 * "Earlier research by Andrea Bruce suggests the mushroom first entered the wild in the United States in the early 2010s." -> Andrea Bruce 早期的研究表明，这种蘑菇最早于 2010 年代初进入美国的野外环境。 * *Para 5:* * "It is slowly marching south, which is really terrifying," said Jusino. -> “它正在缓慢地向南推进，这真的很可怕，” Jusino 说。 * "In 2016, the mushroom was found growing in the wild in just five states, all in the Midwest and Northeast, but today I think fewer than 10 states east of the Mississippi river remain without records of golden oyster in the wild." -> “2016 年，这种蘑菇仅在美国中西部的五个州被发现生长在野外，但今天我认为密西西比河以东只有不到 10 个州没有关于野外黄金牡蛎菇的记录。” (Correction: "all in the Midwest and Northeast" modifies the 5 states. "just five states, all in the Midwest and Northeast" -> 仅在五个州被发现...这五个州均位于中西部和东北部。) * *Heading 2:* * "Study Shows Impact on Native Forest Fungi" -> 研究显示其对本土森林真菌的影响 * *Para 6:* * "To better understand its ecological effects, Jusino and her colleagues studied dead elm trees both with and without golden oyster mushrooms." -> 为了更好地了解其生态影响，Jusino 和她的同事研究了生长有黄金牡蛎菇和未生长黄金牡蛎菇的死榆树。 * "They collected wood samples from different heights on each tree and used DNA-based methods to identify the fungi present." -> 他们从每棵树的不同高度收集了木材样本，并使用基于 DNA 的方法来识别存在的真菌。 * *Para 7:* * "The findings revealed clear differences." -> 研究结果揭示了明显的差异。 * "Trees colonized by golden oyster mushrooms contained far fewer fungal species, and the overall mix of fungi was altered compared to unaffected trees." -> 被黄金牡蛎菇寄居的树木所含的真菌物种要少得多，且与未受影响的树木相比，真菌的整体组合发生了改变。 * "Some native fungi, including those with ecological or medicinal importance, were reduced, while only a small number of species seemed able to coexist with the invasive mushroom." -> 一些本土真菌，包括那些具有重要生态或药用价值的真菌，数量减少了，而似乎只有少数物种能够与这种入侵蘑菇共存。 * *Para 8:* * "We want to remind growers that not all cultivated fungi stay where we put them." -> “我们要提醒种植者，并非所有栽培真菌都会停留在我们放置它们的地方。 * "Once released outdoors, even accidentally, the golden oyster mushroom can spread quickly and outcompete native species," said Jusino. -> 一旦释放到户外，即使是意外释放，黄金牡蛎菇也能迅速蔓延并胜过本土物种，” Jusino 说。 * *Heading 3:* * "Why Fungal Biodiversity Matters" -> 为何真菌多样性至关重要 4. **Refining and Polishing:** * * 研究人员强调，防止进一步扩散需要提高意识、严密监测，并优先使用本地蘑菇物种。朱西诺也在继续测试新方法，以便更好地理解和管理这一问题。 随着关于金黄蚝菇的报告持续增加，科学家强调，即使是食用菌也可能产生广泛的生态影响。保护本地真菌生物多样性对于维持森林健康以及保护适应气候变化所需的遗传多样性至关重要。 尽管金黄蚝菇是一种外观诱人且可食用的物种，但它已展示了逃逸出栽培环境并在野外定殖的能力，在那里它能够排挤本地真菌。 **来自入侵微生物的隐藏威胁** 朱西诺的工作也指出了一个更广泛的挑战。微生物入侵受到的关注往往远少于入侵植物、昆虫或动物，但它们却能显著改变生态系统。真菌和细菌可能在重塑森林生命平衡的同时，在不被察觉的情况下传播。 “入侵真菌是生物多样性危机的一部分，”她说。“它们虽然微小，但影响可能巨大。现在加以关注，让我们有机会在平衡过度倾斜之前保护本地生态系统。”