解码完美牛排：和牛传奇大理石花纹背后隐藏的DNA

* "near complete cattle genome": 近完整的牛基因组. * "16 percent longer": 比...长16%. * "current reference genome": 现有的参考基因组 / 当前参考基因组. * "senior author": 资深作者 / 高级作者 (usually 资深作者 in academic contexts). * "DLRC": Need to check if there's a standard Chinese name. Later text mentions "Davies Livestock Research Centre". DLRC is likely Davies Livestock Research Centre. I will use the acronym or translate it if context allows, but usually, acronyms are kept or translated with the acronym in brackets. Let's look ahead. Segment 5 mentions "University of Adelaide's Davies Livestock Research Centre". So DLRC is Davies Livestock Research Centre. Translation: 戴维斯畜牧研究中心 (DLRC). * "Nature Communications": 《自然-通讯》. * *Draft:* 该研究的资深作者、DLRC研究员Lloyd Low博士表示：“我们展示了一个近乎完整的牛基因组，其长度比目前的参考基因组长16%。”该发现发表在《自然-通讯》上。 * *Segment 2:* `

"This new Wagyu genome provides a much more complete and accurate view of the genetic blueprint behind one of the world's most prized beef breeds," said study co-lead author Paulene Pineda from the University of Adelaide.

` * "Wagyu genome": 和牛基因组. * "genetic blueprint": 基因蓝图. * "most prized beef breeds": 最珍贵的肉牛品种 / 最受推崇的肉牛品种. * "co-lead author": 共同第一作者. * "University of Adelaide": 阿德莱德大学. * *Draft:* 阿德莱德大学的该研究共同第一作者Paulene Pineda表示：“这个新的和牛基因组为揭示世界上最具价值的肉牛品种之一的基因蓝图提供了更加完整和精确的视角。” * *Segment 3:* `

Unlocking the Genetics of Beef Quality and Profit

` * "Unlocking": 解锁 / 揭示. * "Genetics": 遗传学 / 遗传机制. * "Beef Quality and Profit": 牛肉品质与利润. * *Draft:* **揭示牛肉品质与利润的遗传机制** * *Segment 4:* `

Beyond scientific insight, the discovery carries clear economic potential for the beef industry. By revealing more of the Wagyu genetic makeup, researchers have created a powerful tool for identifying traits that influence quality and profitability.

` * "Beyond scientific insight": 除了科学见解之外. * "economic potential": 经济潜力. * "genetic makeup": 基因构成. * "identifying traits": 识别性状. * *Draft:* 除了科学见解，这一发现还为肉牛产业带来了明显的经济潜力。通过揭示更多和牛的基因构成，研究人员创造了一种强大的工具，用于识别影响品质和盈利能力的性状。 * *Segment 5:* `

"The Wagyu genome provides a foundational genetic resource to identify variants responsible for marbling and other traits affecting profit," said Professor Wayne Pitchford, Director of the University of Adelaide's Davies Livestock Research Centre and a co-author of the study.

` * "foundational genetic resource": 基础遗传资源. * "variants": 变异 / 变体. * "marbling": 大理石花纹 / 雪花纹理 (standard term in beef industry is 大理石花纹 or 雪花, usually 大理石花纹 in scientific contexts regarding marbling score). * "traits affecting profit": 影响利润的性状. * "Director": 主任. * "Davies Livestock Research Centre": 戴维斯畜牧研究中心. * *Draft:* 阿德莱德大学戴维斯畜牧研究中心主任、该研究的合著者Wayne Pitchford教授表示：“和牛基因组提供了基础遗传资源，用于识别决定大理石花纹以及其他影响利润的性状的变异。” * *Segment 6:* `

Using the new genome, the team identified hundreds of previously unknown genes and uncovered far more structural genetic variants than earlier reference genomes allowed.

` * "previously unknown genes": 此前未知的基因. * "structural genetic variants": 结构性基因变异. * "earlier reference genomes allowed": 早期参考基因组所能允许的 / 相比早期参考基因组. * *Draft:* 利用这一新基因组，团队识别出了数百个此前未知的基因，并发现了比早期参考基因组所能揭示的多得多的结构性基因变异。 * *Segment 7:* ` ` (Skip, HTML tag) * *Segment 8:* `

"These structural variants are an untapped genetic resource and some of them may be key to some of the prized traits of cattle. Moreover, they highlight the hidden diversity present within a seemingly homogeneous breed," said Dr. Callum MacPhillamy, a co-lead author from CSIRO.

` * "untapped genetic resource": 尚未开发的遗传资源. * "prized traits": 优良性状 / 珍贵性状. * "hidden diversity": 隐藏的多样性. * "seemingly homogeneous breed": 看似同质的品种 / 表面看似均一的品种. * "CSIRO": 澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织. * *Draft:* 来自CSIIRO的共同第一作者Callum MacPhillamy博士表示：“这些结构性变异是一种尚未开发的遗传资源，其中一些可能是牛某些优良性状的关键。此外，它们凸显了在一个看似同质的品种中存在的隐藏多样性。” * *Segment 9:* `

Benefits Extend Beyond Wagyu

` * *Draft:* **惠及和牛以外的品种** * *Segment 10:* `

Researchers say the impact of this work goes well beyond Wagyu cattle. The improved genome offers breeders across the industry a more precise way to select animals for desirable traits.

` * "goes well beyond": 远不止于. * "improved genome": 改进的基因组. * "select animals for desirable traits": 针对理想性状筛选动物 / 选育. * *Draft:* 研究人员表示，这项工作的影响远不止于和牛。改进后的基因组为全行业的育种者提供了一种更精确的方法，以便根据理想性状筛选动物。 * *Segment 11:* `

Associate Professor Cynthia Bottema, a co-author of the study from the DLRC, said the advance gives breeders greater control over outcomes.

` * "Associate Professor": 副教授. * "greater control over outcomes": 对结果有更大的掌控力 / 更好地控制育种结果. * *Draft:* 来自DLRC的研究合著者Cynthia Bottema副教授表示，这一进展让育种者能够更好地掌控结果。 * *Segment 12:* `

"Our new cattle genome means breeders now have a better tool that will allow for greater precision when identifying and selecting for traits like marbling, fertility and disease resistance -- not only in Wagyu, but other cattle breeds as well," she said.

` * "fertility": 繁殖力. * "disease resistance": 抗病性. * *Draft:* 她说：“我们的新牛基因组意味着育种者现在拥有了一个更好的工具，可以在识别和筛选大理石花纹、繁殖力和抗病性等性状时实现更高的精度——这不仅适用于和牛，也适用于其他牛品种。” * *Segment 13:* `

The findings arrive at a time when Australia's beef sector continues to grow. Beef production reached 706,296 tonnes in the quarter ending June 2025, while the gross value of cattle and calves slaughtered totaled $4.9 billion. Recent export data shows the industry is now worth more than $1 billion.

` * "quarter ending June 2025": 截至2025年6月的季度. * "gross value": 总产值. * "cattle and calves slaughtered": 屠宰的牛和小牛. * "tonnes": 吨. * "$4.9 billion": 49亿美元. * "export data": 出口数据. * 注明: The text says "export data shows the “由阿德莱德大学和美国农业部共同完成的工作，促成了世界上一些最完整的家畜基因组的组装，”Low博士说。 “我们共同开创了用于基因组组装的三重分选法。该方法也发表在了《自然-通讯》上。” 尽管新的基因组提供了前所未有的细节，但研究人员表示，未来仍有更多工作要做。 “在这项研究中，我们成功组装了首条完整的牛X染色体和四条常染色体。然而，将剩余染色体组装至同样的完整度水平仍是未来工作的目标，”Low博士说。 “我们的下一个目标是将和牛基因组组装结果与其他高质量牛基因组相结合，构建一个能更好地代表该物种全谱遗传多样性的泛基因组图。”