当人们恐惧自身情绪时，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）会损害健康的伴侣沟通

* *Draft:* 研究人员从64对异性伴侣那里收集了数据，这些伴侣中的双方都曾经历过创伤性生活事件。研究人员分析了每对伴侣成员的PTSD症状数据，涉及他们如果感受到强烈情绪时感知到的负面后果，以及他们和伴侣倾向于如何沟通。 * *Refinement:* "Opposite-sex couples" -> 异性伴侣. "Traumatic life event" -> 创伤性生活事件. "Perceived negative consequences" -> 感知到的负面后果. "Tend to communicate" -> 倾向于沟通的方式. * *Polished:* 研究人员从64对异性伴侣中收集了数据，这些伴侣中的双方均经历过创伤性生活事件。研究人员分析了每位伴侣成员的PTSD症状数据，内容涉及他们感受到强烈情绪时感知到的负面后果，以及他们与伴侣的沟通倾向。 * **Segment 2:** * *Source:* "Results published in Behaviour Research and Therapy demonstrated that people with higher levels of PTSD symptoms experienced greater fear of their emotions, which was associated with less constructive communication and more unproductive communication with their partners." * *Draft:* 发表在《行为研究与治疗》上的结果表明，PTSD症状水平较高的人对自己的情绪有更大的恐惧，这与较少的建设性沟通和较多的无效沟通有关。 * *Refinement:* Journal title needs standard translation. *Behaviour Research and Therapy* -> 《行为研究与治疗》. "Unproductive communication" -> 无效沟通 or 徒劳的沟通. "Constructive communication" -> 建设性沟通. * *Polished:* 发表在《行为研究与治疗》上的结果表明，PTSD症状水平较高的人对自身情绪的恐惧感更强，这与他们同伴侣之间建设性沟通减少以及无效沟通增加有关。 * **Segment 3:** * *Source:* "'In this study, we were trying to understand why people with PTSD symptoms have trouble resolving relationship difficulties with their romantic partners,' Fredman said. 'Generally speaking, people with PTSD view themselves and other people negatively, and the resulting mistrust, anger, avoidance, withdrawal and emotional numbing put strain on their romantic relationships. Experiencing your feelings, trusting people and connecting with others are all important ingredients for healing from PTSD.'" * *Draft:* “在这项研究中，我们试图理解为什么有PTSD症状的人难以解决与浪漫伴侣的关系困难，”Fredman说。“一般来说，患有PTSD的人对自己和他人持消极看法，由此产生的不信任、愤怒、回避、退缩和情感麻木给他们的浪漫关系带来了压力。体验你的感受，信任他人并与他人建立联系是治愈PTSD的重要因素。” * *Refinement:* "Romantic partners" -> 恋爱伴侣 or 浪漫伴侣. "Relationship difficulties" -> 关系困境. "Withdrawal" -> 退缩/回避. "Emotional numbing" -> 情感麻木. "Ingredients" -> 要素/成分. * *Polished:* “在这项研究中，我们试图了解为何有PTSD症状的人难以解决与其伴侣之间的关系困境，”Fredman说道。“总体而言，PTSD患者对自己和他人持消极看法，由此产生的不信任、愤怒、回避、退缩和情感麻木给他们的恋爱关系带来了压力。体验自身感受、信任他人并与他人建立联系，都是PTSD康复的重要要素。” * **Segment 4:** * *Source:* "PTSD can create a vicious cycle, according to Fredman. Behavior triggered by PTSD symptoms such as aggression, avoidance, withdrawal and numbing may strain relationships, and relationship discord can maintain PTSD symptoms. This cycle continues unless something changes." * *Draft:* 根据Fredman的说法，PTSD可以制造一个恶性循环。由PTSD症状引发的行为，如攻击、回避、退缩和麻木，可能会使关系紧张，而关系不和会维持PTSD症状。除非有所改变，否则这个循环会继续。 * *Refinement:* "Vicious cycle" -> 恶性循环. "Aggression" -> 攻击性/攻击行为. "Relationship discord" -> 关系不和/关系冲突. "Maintain" -> 维持/延续. * *Polished:* Fredman指出，PTSD可能形成一个恶性循环。由PTSD症状引发的行为，如攻击、回避、退缩和麻木，可能会使关系紧张，而关系不和又会延续PTSD症状。除非发生改变，否则这一循环将持续下去。 * **Segment 5:** * *Source:* "Fredman co-developed couple-based treatment for PTSD to disrupt this cycle. Individuals with PTSD often experience emotions as dangerous and a trigger -- or a trauma reminder -- because strong emotions were felt during or after their trauma. Since romantic relationships evoke many strong emotions, people may experience emotionally evocative interactions with their partners as threatening and can engage in behaviors to neutralize this perceived threat, such as becoming aggressive and/or withdrawing." * *Draft:* Fredman共同开发了针对PTSD的基于伴侣的治疗方法来打破这个循环。PTSD患者通常认为情绪是危险的，是一个触发器——或者创伤提醒——因为他们在创伤期间或之后感受到了强烈的情绪。由于浪漫关系唤起许多强烈情绪，人们可能会将与伴侣的情绪唤起互动体验为威胁，并可能采取行为来中和这种感知到的威胁，例如变得具有攻击性和/或退缩。 * *Refinement:* "Couple-based treatment" -> 基于伴侣的治疗/夫妻治疗. "Disrupt" -> 打破/阻断. "Trigger" -> 触发因素. "Trauma reminder" -> 创伤提醒. "Emotionally evocative interactions" -> 引发情绪的互动. "Neutralize" -> 中和/消除. * *Polished:* Fredman共同开发了一种针对PTSD的基于伴侣的治疗方法，旨在打破这一循环。PTSD患者通常视情绪为危险之物和触发因素——即创伤提醒，因为他们在创伤发生期间或之后曾感受到强烈的情绪。由于恋爱关系会唤起许多强烈情绪，患者可能会将与伴侣之间引发情绪的互动视为威胁，并可能采取行为来消除这种感知到的威胁，例如变得具有攻击性和/或退缩。 * **Segment 6:** * *Source:* "When one or both partners develop unhealthy coping skills, strained romantic relationships can reinforce the symptoms of PTSD. On the other hand, relationships in which people can both express themselves and listen can promote recovery from PTSD, she said." * *Draft:* 当一方或双方发展出不健康的应对技巧时，紧张的浪漫关系会加强PTSD的症状。另一方面，人们既能表达自己又能倾听的关系可以促进PTSD的恢复，她说。 * *Refinement:* "Coping skills" -> 应对技巧/应对机制. "Reinforce" -> 强化. "Promote recovery" -> 促进康复. * *Polished:* 她表示，当伴侣一方或双方形成不健康的应对技巧时，紧张的恋爱关系会强化PTSD症状。另一方面，如果伴侣双方既能表达自我又能倾听对方，这种关系则能促进PTSD的康复。 * **Segment 7 (HTML tag):** * *Source:* ` ` * *Action:* Keep as is, or ignore? The prompt asks to translate the content. Usually, HTML tags are structural. I should probably keep the structure or just translate the text around it. The prompt says "translate the following content". I will retain the HTML tag in the output to maintain the structure of the document being translated, as is standard in localization tasks. * **Segment 8:** * *Source:* "In the current study, the researchers recruited people with a broad range of PTSD symptoms and symptom severity. Studying people with a broad range of severity allowed the research team to understand the ways that more or less severe symptoms were likely to affect communication in a relationship." * *Draft:* 在目前的研究中，研究人员招募了具有广泛PTSD症状和症状严重程度的人。研究具有广泛严重程度的人使研究团队能够理解或多或少的严重症状可能影响关系中沟通的方式。 * *Refinement:* "Broad range" -> 广泛范围/不同程度. "More or less severe symptoms" -> 症状严重程度高低. * *Polished:* 在这项研究中，研究人员招募了具有不同程度PTSD症状及严重程度的参与者。研究严重程度各异的群体，使得研究团队能够了解症状严重程度的高低如何影响关系中的沟通方式。 * **Segment 9:** * *Source:* "The researchers interviewed participants about their PTSD symptoms and asked participants whether they feared their emotions. They also asked * *Draft:* 在要求/退缩沟通模式中，一方抱怨、唠叨或试图以其他方式向伴侣索求回应。另一方则通过退缩和回避互动来回应。 * **Segment 2:** "Typically, Fredman said, the more one person withdraws, the more the other partner demands." * *Key terms:* Typically (通常), Fredman (弗雷德曼 - transliteration), the more... the more... (一方越...另一方越...). * *Draft:* 弗雷德曼表示，通常情况下，一方越是退缩，另一方的索求就越多。 * **Segment 3:** "This type of communication does not facilitate problem solving and often leaves issues unresolved." * *Key terms:* facilitate (促进), problem solving (问题解决), leaves issues unresolved (导致问题悬而未决). * *Draft:* 这种沟通方式无助于问题的解决，往往导致问题悬而未决。 * **Segment 4:** "Unproductive and unresolved conflict can maintain PTSD symptoms by reinforcing perceptions of interpersonal threat and negative views of oneself and the other partner, Fredman continued." * *Key terms:* Unproductive (无效的/徒劳的), unresolved conflict (未解决的冲突), maintain PTSD symptoms (维持PTSD症状), reinforcing (强化), perceptions of interpersonal threat (人际威胁感), negative views (负面看法). * *Draft:* 弗雷德曼继续说道，无效且未解决的冲突会强化人际威胁感以及对自身和伴侣的负面看法，从而维持PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）症状。 * **Segment 5:** "Study participants who reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms were more likely to report fear of their emotions." * *Key terms:* Study participants (研究参与者), higher levels of PTSD symptoms (较高水平的PTSD症状), fear of their emotions (对自身情绪的恐惧). * *Draft:* 报告PTSD症状水平较高的研究参与者更有可能报告对自身情绪感到恐惧。 * **Segment 6:** "Additionally, those who reported greater fear of their emotions were less likely to report constructive communication and were more likely to report that they demand while their partner withdraws and that their partner demands while they withdraw." * *Key terms:* constructive communication (建设性沟通), demand while their partner withdraws (己方要求-伴侣退缩), partner demands while they withdraw (伴侣要求-己方退缩). * *Draft:* 此外，那些报告对自身情绪恐惧感较强的人，报告建设性沟通的可能性较低，而报告“己方要求-伴侣退缩”以及“伴侣要求-己方退缩”模式的可能性较高。 * **Segment 7:** "This study is the first to identify that fear of emotions has interpersonal consequences, according to Fredman, meaning the fear influences how people interact with one another." * *Key terms:* first to identify (首次识别/发现), interpersonal consequences (人际后果), interact with one another (彼此互动). * *Draft:* 据弗雷德曼介绍，这项研究首次证实了对情绪的恐惧会产生人际后果，这意味着这种恐惧会影响人们彼此互动的方式。 * **Segment 8:** "'When we only looked at PTSD symptoms and communication without considering a person's fear of their emotions, there were relatively few direct connections we could identify,' Fredman said." * *Draft:* 弗雷德曼说：“当我们仅考察PTSD症状和沟通，而不考虑个人对自身情绪的恐惧时，我们能识别出的直接联系相对较少。” * **Segment 9:** "'When we looked at the connections between PTSD symptoms and fear of emotions and then examined the connections between fear of emotions and communication styles, the connections became clear.'" * *Draft:* “当我们考察PTSD症状与情绪恐惧之间的联系，进而审视情绪恐惧与沟通风格之间的联系时，这些关联就变得清晰了。” * **Segment 10:** "'This suggests that fear of emotions is an important influence on the communication style of couples where one or both people have PTSD symptoms.'" * *Draft:* “这表明，对于一方或双方患有PTSD症状的伴侣而言，对情绪的恐惧是影响其沟通风格的重要因素。” * **Segment 11:** "Prior work by Fredman and colleagues demonstrated that individuals with elevated PTSD symptoms had difficulties regulating their own emotional arousal during laboratory-based conversations with their partners about their relationships." * *Key terms:* Prior work (先前的研究), elevated PTSD symptoms (PTSD症状加剧/水平升高), regulating their own emotional arousal (调节自身的情绪唤醒), laboratory-based conversations (实验室环境下的对话). * *Draft:* 弗雷德曼及其同事先前的研究表明，PTSD症状水平较高的个体在与伴侣进行关于两人关系的实验室对话期间，难以调节自身的情绪唤醒。 * **Segment 12:** "More specifically, they responded to their own emotional arousal and the emotional arousal communicated through their partner's voice in a manner consistent with emotional arousal serving as a trauma cue." * *Key terms:* emotional arousal communicated through their partner's voice (通过伴侣声音传达的情绪唤醒), trauma cue (创伤线索). * *Structure:* responded to X and Y in a manner consistent with Z. * *Draft:* 更具体地说，他们对自身情绪唤醒以及通过伴侣声音传达的情绪唤醒做出的反应，与将情绪唤醒视为创伤线索这一情况相符。 * **Segment 13:** "The current study extended this prior work by demonstrating that individuals' PTSD symptoms may predispose them to catastrophic thoughts about feeling strong emotions and that such thoughts may be why couples in which one or both partners have elevated PTSD symptoms tend to have a hard time communicating constructively." * *Key terms:* extended (拓展了), predispose them to (使他们易产生), catastrophic thoughts (灾难性想法), feeling strong emotions (感受强烈情绪). * *Draft:* 当前的研究拓展了先前的成果，表明个体的PTSD症状可能使其易对感受强烈情绪产生灾难性想法，而这种想法可能正是为何一方或双方PTSD症状水平较高的伴侣往往难以进行建设性沟通的原因。 * **Segment 14:** "'Other research we conducted has shown that couple therapy can effectively reduce PTSD symptoms and improve relationship communication, even in just a single weekend,' Fredman said." * *Key terms:* couple therapy (伴侣治疗/夫妻治疗), single weekend (仅仅一个周末). * *Draft:* 弗雷德曼表示：“我们进行的其他研究表明，伴侣治疗可以有效减轻PTSD症状并改善关系沟通，即使仅仅在一个周末内也能见效。” * **Segment 15:** "'This latest study reveals more nuance about how PTSD symptoms, fear of emotions and communication difficulties are connected and why they should be treated at the same time.'" * *Key terms:* nuance (细微差别/细节), treated at the same time (同时治疗). * *Draft:* “这项最新研究揭示了PTSD症状、情绪恐惧和沟通困难之间关联的更多细节，以及为何应当同时对它们进行治疗。” 3. **Review and Refine:** * *Check consistency:* "demand/withdraw communication" -> "要求/退缩沟通模式". "PTSD" -> "PTSD" (usually kept as acronym or translated as 创伤后应激障碍, I will use PTSD for flow but maybe define it once or just keep it as PTSD since it's a standard medical term in Chinese contexts too. The prompt asks to preserve technical details. I will use PTSD). * *Check flow:* The sentences are complex. Need to ensure Chinese word order makes sense. * *Refining Segment 12:* "responded to... in a manner consistent with..." -> "其反应方式与...一致". "emotional arousal serving as a trauma cue" -> "情绪唤醒作为创伤线索". Let's polish: "更具体而言，他们对自身情绪唤醒以及通过伴侣声音传达的情绪唤醒所做出的反应，符合情绪唤醒充当创伤线索时的特征。" This sounds more professional. * *Refining Segment 13:* "predispose them to catastrophic thoughts" -> "使其易产生灾难性想法". "have a hard time communicating constructively" -> "难以进行建设性沟通". * *Refining Segment 4:* "Unproductive and unresolved conflict" -> "无效且未解决的冲突". "maintain PTSD symptoms" -> "维持PTSD症状". 4. **Final Polish (Mental Output Generation):** 在要求/退缩沟通模式中，一方抱怨、唠叨或试图以其他方式向伴侣索求回应。另一方则通过退缩和回避互动来回应。弗雷德曼表示，通常情况下，一方越是退缩，另一方的索求就越多。这种 宾夕法尼亚州立大学人类发展与家庭研究专业研究生Jeesun Lee；2019年获得人类发展与家庭研究博士学位、曾在宾夕法尼亚州立大学担任博士后研究员、现任丹佛大学研究助理教授的Yunying Le；2023年在宾夕法尼亚州立大学获得心理学博士学位、现任国家创伤后应激障碍中心女性健康科学部女性健康高级研究员的Emily Taverna；以及弗吉尼亚理工大学教授Amy Marshall也参与了这项研究。 该研究由国家转化科学促进中心、Karl R. Fink与Diane Wendle Fink家庭研究早期职业教授席位、Edna P. Bennett预防研究教职研究员基金，以及宾夕法尼亚州立大学健康与人类发展学院的Joseph与Jean Britton研究生奖学金资助。