这一被遗忘的器官或许能预测你的寿命

* *Draft:* 这些发现发表在《自然》杂志同一期的两篇论文中，挑战了几十年来关于胸腺的假设。结果表明，该器官在整个成年期仍然很重要，最终可能有助于指导疾病预防策略和癌症治疗决策。 * *Refinement:* "Challenge decades of assumptions" -> 挑战了数十年来关于胸腺的假设。 "Throughout adulthood" -> 在整个成年期。 "Guide... decisions" -> 指导...决策。 * *Final:*

这些发现发表在《自然》杂志同一期的两篇论文中，挑战了数十年来关于胸腺的假设。结果表明，该器官在整个成年期仍然很重要，最终可能有助于指导疾病预防策略和癌症治疗决策。

* **Segment 2:** * *Source:* "

"The thymus has been overlooked for decades and may be a missing piece in explaining why people age differently, and why cancer treatments fail in some patients," said Hugo Aerts, PhD, corresponding author on the papers and director of the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program at Mass General Brigham. "Our findings suggest thymic health deserves much more attention and may open new avenues for understanding how to protect the immune system as we age."

" * *Draft:* “胸腺几十年来一直被忽视，可能是解释为什么人们衰老方式不同，以及为什么癌症治疗在一些患者中失败的一个缺失环节，”Hugo Aerts博士说，他是这些论文的通讯作者，也是麻省总医院布里格姆分院医学人工智能（AIM）项目的主任。“我们的发现表明胸腺健康值得更多关注，并可能为理解如何在衰老过程中保护免疫系统开辟新途径。” * *Refinement:* "Missing piece" -> 缺失的一环/缺失的部分。 "Age differently" -> 衰老速度不同/衰老方式不同。 "Mass General Brigham" -> 麻省总医院布里格姆分院 (Standard translation). "Corresponding author" -> 通讯作者。 * *Final:*

“胸腺几十年来一直被忽视，它可能是解释人们为何衰老速度不同以及癌症治疗为何在某些患者中失败的一个缺失环节，”这两篇论文的通讯作者、麻省总医院布里格姆分院医学人工智能（AIM）项目主任Hugo Aerts博士说，“我们的研究结果表明，胸腺健康值得更多关注，并可能为理解如何在衰老过程中保护免疫系统开辟新途径。”

* **Segment 3:** * *Source:* "

What the Thymus Does

" * *Draft:*

胸腺的功能

* *Refinement:* Simple and accurate. * **Segment 4:** * *Source:* "

Located in the chest, the thymus helps train T cells, a type of immune cell that helps defend the body against infections and disease. Because the organ gradually shrinks after puberty and produces fewer new T cells over time, many scientists assumed it played only a limited role in adult health.

" * *Draft:* 胸腺位于胸部，帮助训练T细胞，这是一种帮助身体抵御感染和疾病的免疫细胞。因为该器官在青春期后逐渐萎缩，并且随着时间的推移产生更少的新T细胞，许多科学家认为它在成人健康中只起到有限的作用。 * *Refinement:* "Located in the chest" -> 位于胸腔/胸部。 "Train T cells" -> 训练T细胞。 "Shrinks" -> 萎缩。 "Played only a limited role" -> 仅发挥有限作用。 * *Final:*

胸腺位于胸腔，负责协助训练T细胞，这是一种帮助机体抵御感染和疾病的免疫细胞。由于该器官在青春期后逐渐萎缩，且随着时间推移产生的新T细胞越来越少，许多科学家曾认为它在成年健康中仅发挥有限作用。

* **Segment 5:** * *Source:* "

As a result, the thymus has received relatively little attention in large population studies. Earlier research connected T cell diversity to aging and declining immune function, but those studies were typically small and focused on blood samples.

" * *Draft:* 因此，胸腺在大型人群研究中受到的关注相对较少。早期的研究将T细胞多样性与衰老和免疫功能下降联系起来，但这些研究通常规模较小，且侧重于血液样本。 * *Refinement:* "Large population studies" -> 大规模人群研究。 "Declining immune function" -> 免疫功能衰退/下降。 * *Final:*

因此，在大规模人群研究中，胸腺受到的关注相对较少。早期研究将T细胞多样性与衰老及免疫功能下降联系起来，但这些研究通常规模较小，且侧重于血液样本分析。

* **Segment 6:** * *Source:* "

The new research took a much broader approach. Investigators analyzed data from more than 25,000 adults participating in a national lung cancer screening trial, along with more than 2,500 people enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study, a long-running study that tracks the health of generally healthy adults.

" * *Draft:* 新的研究采取了更广泛的方法。研究人员分析了参与一项全国肺癌筛查试验的超过25,000名成年人的数据，以及 enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study 的超过2,500人，这是一项追踪一般健康成年人健康的长期研究。 * *Refinement:* "National lung cancer screening trial" -> 美国国家肺癌筛查试验 (NLST, usually implies US context, but "一项全国性肺癌筛查试验" is safer if context isn't explicit, though usually refers to NLST). Let's stick to "一项全国性肺癌筛查试验". "Framingham Heart Study" -> 弗雷明汉心脏研究 (Standard term). "Generally healthy adults" -> 总体健康的成年人。 * *Final:*

这项新研究采用了更为广泛的方法。研究人员分析了参与一项全国性肺癌筛查试验的25,000多名成年人的数据，以及入选弗雷明汉心脏研究的2,500多人的数据，后者是一项追踪总体健康成年人健康状况的长期研究。

* **Segment 7 (HTML tag):** * *Source:* * *Target:* (Keep HTML tags as is). * **Segment 8:** * *Source:* "

AI Reveals Links to Longevity and Disease Risk

" * *Draft:*

人工智能揭示了与长寿和疾病风险的联系

* *Refinement:* Good. * **Segment 9:** * *Source:* "

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate routine CT scans, the researchers measured the size, structure, and composition of the thymus. From those measurements, they created a "thymic health" score.

" * *Draft:* 使用人工智能（AI）评估常规CT扫描，研究人员测量了胸腺的大小、结构和组成。根据这些测量结果，他们创建了一个“胸腺健康”评分。 * *Refinement:* "Routine CT scans" -> 常规CT扫描。 "Composition" -> 成分/构成。 * *Final:*

研究人员利用人工智能（AI）评估常规CT扫描，测量了胸腺的大小、结构和成分。基于这些测量数据，他们创建了一个“胸腺健康”评分。

* **Segment 10:** * *Source:* "

People with higher thymic health scores experienced significantly better outcomes. Compared with individuals who had poorer thymic health, they had about a 50% lower risk of death from any cause, a 63% lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, and a 36% lower risk of developing lung cancer. These relationships remained strong even after accounting for age and other health factors.

" * *Draft:* 胸腺健康评分较高的人经历了明显更好的结果。与胸腺健康状况较差的人相比，他们死于任何原因的风险降低了约50%，死于心血管疾病的风险降低了63%，患肺癌的风险降低了36%。即使在考虑了年龄和其他健康因素后，这些关系仍然很强。 * *Refinement:* "Experienced significantly better outcomes" -> 结局显著更好/结果明显更好。 "Risk of death from any cause" -> 全因死亡风险。 "Accounting for" -> 考虑到/校正了。 * *Final:*

胸腺健康评分 * "In a separate study": 在另一项独立研究中 / 在一项单独的研究中。 "Separate" here implies distinct from previous context not shown, but "另一项独立研究" sounds professional. * "the team examined": 该团队分析了 / 检查了。 "Examined" in research context usually means analyzed or reviewed. "分析了" fits well. * "CT scans and clinical outcomes": CT扫描和临床结果。 * "from more than 1,200 cancer patients": 来自1200多名癌症患者。 * "treated with immunotherapy": 接受免疫治疗的。 * *Draft:* 在另一项独立研究中，该团队分析了接受免疫治疗的1200多名癌症患者的CT扫描图像和临床结果。 * *HTML Tag:* `

` * Keep the structure or just translate the text? The prompt asks to translate the content. Usually, in these tasks, I should output the text with the HTML tags preserved if they are part of the content structure, or just the text if it's plain text. The prompt says "translate the following content". The input has HTML tags. I will preserve the HTML tags to ensure the output format matches the input format, as is standard in localization tasks. * *Sentence 2:* "The results showed that patients with healthier thymuses tended to respond better to treatment." * "The results showed that": 结果显示。 * "patients with healthier thymuses": 胸腺更健康的患者。 * "tended to respond better to treatment": 往往对治疗的反应更好 / 倾向于有更好的治疗反应。 "往往对治疗反应更好" is natural. * *Draft:* 结果显示，胸腺更健康的患者往往对治疗反应更好。 * *Sentence 3:* "They faced about a 37% lower risk of cancer progression and a 44% lower risk of death, even after researchers adjusted for differences in patients, tumors, and treatment approaches." * "They faced about a 37% lower risk of cancer progression": 他们面临的癌症进展风险降低了约37%。 * "and a 44% lower risk of death": 死亡风险降低了44%。 * "even after researchers adjusted for...": 即使在研究人员调整了……之后 / 即便研究人员对……进行了校正后。 "校正" is a good statistical term here. * "differences in patients, tumors, and treatment approaches": 患者、肿瘤和治疗方法的差异。 * *Draft:* 即便研究人员对患者、肿瘤和治疗方法的差异进行了校正，这部分患者的癌症进展风险仍降低了约37%，死亡风险降低了44%。 * *Sentence 4:* "According to the researchers, these findings highlight a potentially important but previously underrecognized role for the thymus in determining how effectively modern cancer immunotherapies work." * "According to the researchers": 研究人员表示 / 据研究人员介绍。 * "these findings highlight": 这些发现凸显了。 * "a potentially important but previously underrecognized role": 一个潜在重要但此前未被充分认识的作用。 * "for the thymus": 胸腺的。 * "in determining how effectively modern cancer immunotherapies work": 在决定现代癌症免疫疗法有效性方面的作用。 * *Draft:* 据研究人员介绍，这些发现凸显了胸腺在决定现代癌症免疫疗法有效性方面具有潜在重要但此前未被充分认识的作用。 * *Sentence 5:* `

More Research Needed

` * *Draft:* `

需开展更多研究

` or `

需要更多研究

`。 "需开展更多研究" sounds more like a subheading. * *Sentence 6:* "The scientists emphasize that additional studies will be needed to confirm the results." * "The scientists emphasize that": 科学家们强调。 * "additional studies will be needed": 需要进一步的研究 / 额外的研究。 * "to confirm the results": 来证实这些结果。 * *Draft:* 科学家们强调，还需要开展进一步的研究来证实这些结果。 * *Sentence 7:* "They also note that the imaging technique used to measure thymic health is not yet ready for routine use in clinical practice." * "They also note that": 他们还指出。 * "the imaging technique used to measure thymic health": 用于测量胸腺健康状况的成像技术。 * "is not yet ready for routine use in clinical practice": 尚未准备好用于临床实践中的常规应用 / 尚未成熟到可在临床实践中常规使用。 "尚未准备好用于临床常规实践" is accurate. * *Draft:* 他们还指出，用于测量胸腺健康状况的成像技术尚未准备好用于临床常规实践。 * *Sentence 8:* "Although lifestyle factors were associated with thymic health, the studies did not investigate whether changing those factors can directly improve thymus function." * "Although lifestyle factors were associated with thymic health": 尽管生活方式因素与胸腺健康相关。 * "the studies did not investigate": 但这些研究并未调查。 * "whether changing those factors": 改变这些因素是否。 * "can directly improve thymus function": 能直接改善胸腺功能。 * *Draft:* 尽管生活方式因素与胸腺健康相关，但这些研究并未调查改变这些因素是否能直接改善胸腺功能。 * *Sentence 9:* "The research team is continuing to explore other influences on thymic health." * *Draft:* 研究团队正在继续探索影响胸腺健康的其他因素。 * *Sentence 10:* "One ongoing study is examining whether unintended radiation exposure to the thymus during lung cancer treatment could affect patient outcomes." * "One ongoing study is examining": 一项正在进行的研究正在考察。 * "whether unintended radiation exposure to the thymus": 意外的胸腺辐射暴露 / 非预期的胸腺辐射暴露。 "非预期的" sounds more medical/formal. * "during lung cancer treatment": 在肺癌治疗期间。 * "could affect patient outcomes": 是否会影响患者的预后/结果。 "预后" is the standard medical term for "outcome" in this context. * *Draft:* 一项正在进行的研究正在考察肺癌治疗期间胸腺受到的非预期辐射暴露是否会影响患者的预后。 * *Sentence 11:* `"Improving our understanding and monitoring of thymic health could eventually help physicians better assess disease risk and guide treatment decisions," said Aerts.` * "Improving our understanding and monitoring of thymic health": 提高我们对胸腺健康的理解和监测能力。 * "could eventually help physicians": 最终可能有助于医生。 * "better assess disease risk": 更好地评估疾病风险。 * "and guide treatment decisions": 并指导治疗决策。 * "said Aerts": Aerts说。 * *Draft:* Aerts表示：“提高我们对胸腺健康的理解和监测能力，最终可能有助于医生更好地评估疾病风险并指导治疗决策。” * *Sentence 12 (Author list 1):* `

In addition to Aerts, study co-authors of the overall adult health paper include Simon Bernatz, ... and Nicolai J Birkbak.

` * "In addition to Aerts": 除Aerts外。 * "study co-authors of the overall adult health paper": 关于成年人整体健康论文的研究共同作者包括。 * Names: Transliterate or keep original? In scientific translation, names are often kept in original English to ensure accuracy, unless there are established Chinese names (like Chinese researchers). The prompt asks to retain scientific data and technical details. Names are data. I will keep names in English, but handle titles like PhD, MD. * "Asya Lyass, PhD": Asya Lyass博士。 * "Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, MD, PhD": Mariam Jamal-Hanjani医学博士/哲学博士。 Usually just "博士" covers PhD, MD is "医学博士". Or keep titles after names. Standard Chinese academic style often puts the title after the name. Let's keep names in English and translate titles. * *Draft:* `

除Aerts外，关于成年人整体健康论文的研究共同作者包括Simon Bernatz、Vasco Prudente、Suraj Pai、Asbjørn Kjær、Yumeng Cao、Jiachen Chen、Asya Lyas博士、Borek Foldyna、Leonard Nürnberg、Christopher Abbosh、Charles Swanton、Mariam