科学家开发了一种人工智能驱动的系统,能够以极高的细节扫描并绘制整只小鼠身体的图谱——该系统刚刚揭示了肥胖症一项令人惊讶的新影响。除了扰乱新陈代谢外,肥胖似乎还会损伤与触觉和感觉相关的面部感觉神经,并同时引发全身性的广泛炎症。
Obesity is known to affect much more than body weight and metabolism. It can alter immune activity, disrupt nerve structures, and reshape tissues throughout the body, increasing the risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, neuropathy, and cancer. Despite these widespread effects, scientists have lacked tools capable of studying disease-related changes across an entire intact body in high detail.
` * *Draft:* 肥胖已知影响远超体重和代谢。它可以改变免疫活动,破坏神经结构,重塑全身组织,增加患2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、中风、神经病变和癌症等疾病的风险。尽管有这些广泛影响,科学家一直缺乏能够高细节研究整个完好身体中疾病相关变化的工具。 * *Refinement:* "Affect much more than" -> "影响远不止". "Intact body" -> "完整的身体" or "全身". "High detail" -> "高精度" or "高分辨率". * *Polished:* 众所周知,肥胖的影响远不止于体重和新陈代谢。它能改变免疫活动,破坏神经结构,重塑全身组织,从而增加患2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、中风、神经病变和癌症等疾病的风险。尽管影响广泛,但科学家此前一直缺乏能够以高精度研究整个完好身体内疾病相关变化的工具。 * **Segment 3:** `To address that challenge, a research team led by Prof. Ali Ertürk, Director of the Institute for Biological Intelligence (iBIO) at Helmholtz Munich and Professor at LMU, developed MouseMapper. The AI framework uses foundation-model-based deep learning algorithms to analyze massive whole-body imaging datasets.
` * *Draft:* 为了解决这一挑战,由慕尼黑亥姆霍兹生物智能研究所所长兼慕尼黑大学教授 Ali Ertürk 领导的研究团队开发了 MouseMapper。该 AI 框架使用基于基础模型的深度学习算法来分析海量全身成像数据集。 * *Refinement:* "LMU" -> 慕尼黑大学. "Foundation-model-based" -> "基于基础模型的". * *Polished:* 为应对这一挑战,由慕尼黑亥姆霍兹中心生物智能研究所(iBIO)所长、慕尼黑大学(LMU)教授 Ali Ertürk 领导的研究团队开发了 MouseMapper。这一人工智能框架利用基于基础模型的深度学习算法,分析海量的全身成像数据集。 * **Segment 4:** `The system can automatically identify and segment 31 organs and tissue types while also mapping nerves and immune cells throughout the body. This allows researchers to examine how diseases affect multiple organ systems at the same time in intact mice.
` * *Draft:* 该系统可以自动识别和分割 31 种器官和组织类型,同时绘制全身的神经和免疫细胞图谱。这允许研究人员检查疾病如何在完好小鼠中同时影响多个器官系统。 * *Refinement:* "Segment" -> "分割" (standard computer vision term). "Mapping" -> "绘制...图谱". "Examine" -> "考察" or "研究". * *Polished:* 该系统能够自动识别并分割 31 种器官和组织类型,同时绘制全身的神经和免疫细胞图谱。这使得研究人员能够在完整的小鼠体内,考察疾病如何同时影响多个器官系统。 * **Segment 5:** `"MouseMapper is built on a foundation model, which means it generalizes far beyond the data it was originally trained on," says Ying Chen, co-first author of the study.
` * *Draft:* “MouseMapper 建立在基础模型之上,这意味着它的泛化能力远超其最初训练的数据,”该研究的共同第一作者 Ying Chen 说。 * *Refinement:* "Generalizes far beyond" -> "泛化能力远超". "Co-first author" -> "共同第一作者". * *Polished:* 该研究的共同第一作者 Ying Chen 表示:“MouseMapper 构建于基础模型之上,这意味着其泛化能力远超其最初训练所用的数据范围。” * **Segment 6:** `Transparent Mice and Whole-Body Imaging
` * *Draft:* 透明小鼠和全身成像 * *Polished:* **透明小鼠与全身成像** * **Segment 7:** `To build the body maps, researchers first tagged nerves and immune cells in mice using fluorescent markers that glow under a microscope. They then used tissue-clearing methods to make the mice transparent while preserving the fluorescent signals, allowing scientists to see deep inside the body without cutting tissues apart.` * *Draft:* 为了构建身体图谱,研究人员首先使用在显微镜下发光的荧光标记物标记小鼠体内的神经和免疫细胞。然后他们使用组织透明化方法使小鼠变得透明,同时保留荧光信号,允许科学家无需切开组织就能看到身体深处。 * *Refinement:* "Tagged" -> "标记". "Tissue-clearing methods" -> "组织透明化方法". "Cutting tissues apart" -> "解剖组织" or "切开组织". * *Polished:* 为了构建身体图谱,研究人员首先利用在显微镜下发光的荧光标记物,标记小鼠体内的神经和免疫细胞。随后,他们采用组织透明化技术使小鼠身体变得透明,同时保留荧光信号,从而使科学家无需解剖组织即可观察身体内部深处。 * **Segment 8:** `
Next, the team used advanced light-sheet microscopy to capture detailed three-dimensional images of entire mice. The process generated enormous datasets containing tens of millions of cellular structures from organs and tissues across the body.
` * *Draft:* 接下来,团队使用先进的光片显微镜捕捉整个小鼠的详细三维图像。该过程产生了包含来自全身器官和组织的数千万个细胞结构的巨大数据集。 * *Refinement:* "Light-sheet microscopy" -> "光片显微镜". "Enormous datasets" -> "海量数据集". * *Polished:* 接着,团队利用先进的光片显微镜技术,获取了完整小鼠的详细三维图像。这一过程生成了海量的数据集,包含来自全身各器官和组织的数千万个细胞结构。 * **Segment 10:** `MouseMapper then analyzed the images automatically, identifying anatomical regions, nerve networks, and immune-cell clusters throughout the animals.
` * *Draft:* MouseMapper 然后自动分析图像,识别动物全身的解剖区域、神经网络和免疫细胞簇。 * *Refinement:* "Immune-cell clusters" -> "免疫细胞簇". * *Polished:* 随后,MouseMapper 对图像进行自动分析,识别出动物全身的解剖区域、神经网络和免疫细胞簇。 * **Segment 11:** `This approach allowed the researchers to pinpoint exactly where inflammation and tissue damage appeared in organs such as fat tissue, muscle, liver, and peripheral nerves. Unlike earlier methods, scientists did not need to choose specific regions to study beforehand.
` * *Draft:* 这种方法允许研究人员精确定位炎症和组织损伤出现在脂肪组织、肌肉、肝脏和周围神经等器官中的位置。与早期方法不同,科学家不需要预先选择特定区域进行研究。 * *Refinement:* "Pinpoint exactly" -> "精确定位". "Peripheral nerves" -> "周围神经". * *Polished:* 这种方法使研究人员能够精确定位炎症和组织损伤出现的器官部位,如脂肪组织、肌肉、肝脏和周围神经。与以往的方法不同,科学家无需预先选定特定的研究区域。 * **Segment 12:** `Obesity Linked to Facial Nerve Damage
` * *Draft:* 肥胖与面部神经损伤有关 * *Polished:* **肥胖与面部神经损伤相关** * **Segment 13:** `To explore how obesity changes the body, the researchers fed mice a high-fat diet that produced obesity and metabolic problems similar to those seen in humans. 德国卓越战略框架下的... * *DFG SFB 1052 (A9) and TR 296 (P03),* * Draft: DFG SFB 1052 (A9) 和 TR 296 (P03), * 注明: SFB stands for Sonderforschungsbereich (Collaborative Research Center). Usually kept as SFB in citations or translated. Since the next item is "Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1744", I should check consistency. The source uses "SFB" then "CRC". I will keep the acronyms as they are standard identifiers. * *the Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1744,* * Draft: 协作研究中心 CRC 1744, * *the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (NATON collaboration, 01KX2121, and HIVacToGC),* * Draft: 德国联邦教育与研究部(NATON 合作项目,01KX2121,以及 HIVacToGC), * *the Vascular Dementia Research Foundation,* * Draft: 血管性痴呆研究基金会, * *the Nomis Heart Atlas Project Grant (Nomis Foundation),* * Draft: Nomis 心脏图谱项目资助(Nomis 基金会), * *the Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung,* * Draft: Else Kröner-Fresenius 基金会, * 注明: "Stiftung" means Foundation. Standard translation exists. * *the Edith-Haberland-Wagner Stiftung,* * Draft: Edith Haberland-Wagner 基金会, * *the Helmut Horten Foundation,* * Draft: Helmut Horten 基金会, * *the EFSD and Novo Nordisk A/S Programme for Diabetes Research in Europe (to D. Kaltenecker),* * Draft: EFSD 与诺和诺德公司欧洲糖尿病研究项目(授予 D. Kaltenecker), * 注明: EFSD is often kept as acronym or translated. Let's keep EFSD as it's a specific entity acronym often used in China, or translate as 欧洲糖尿病研究基金会. Given the context of mixed acronyms (DFG, SFB), keeping EFSD is acceptable, but translating it makes it clearer. Let's use "欧洲糖尿病研究基金会 (EFSD)". Novo Nordisk A/S -> 诺和诺德公司. * *and the China Scholarship Council (to Y. Chen).* * Draft: 以及国家留学基金管理委员会(授予 Y. Chen)。 * 注明: China Scholarship Council is officially translated as 国家留学基金管理委员会. 3. **Review and Polish:** * *Full Draft:* 本工作得到了欧洲研究理事会(授予 A. Ertürk 的巩固基金 CALVARIA;授予 M. Rohm 的资助 949017)、德国科学基金会(DFG)在德国卓越战略框架下的慕尼黑系统神经学集群(SyNergy,ID 390857198,EXC 2145)、DFG SFB 1052 (A9) 和 TR 296 (P03)、协作研究中心 CRC 1744、德国联邦教育与研究部(NATON 合作项目,01KX2121,以及 HIVacToGC)、血管性痴呆研究基金会、Nomis 心脏图谱项目资助(Nomis 基金会)、Else Kröner-Fresenius 基金会、Edith Haberland-Wagner 基金会、Helmut Horten 基金会、EFSD 与诺和诺德公司欧洲糖尿病研究项目(授予 D. Kaltenecker)以及国家留学基金管理委员会(授予 Y. Chen)的支持。 * *Refining Punctuation:* The list is long. Using distinct separators (commas vs enumeration commas) is important in Chinese. The standard enumeration comma is "、". * *Refining "Consolidator Grant":* "巩固基金" is standard. * *Refining "EFSD":* "欧洲糖尿病研究基金会 (EFSD)" is better for clarity. * *Refining "Novo Nordisk A/S":* "诺和诺德 (Novo Nordisk A/S)" or just "诺和诺德公司". The text says "Novo Nordisk A/S". I will translate as "诺和诺德公司 (Novo Nordisk A/S)" or just "诺和诺德公司". Usually, in funding sections, the company name is translated. Let's use "诺和诺德公司". * *Refining "Programme for Diabetes Research in Europe":* "欧洲糖尿病研究项目". * *Final Polish of the text structure:* 本工作得到了以下机构的支持:欧洲研究理事会(授予 A. Ertürk 的巩固基金 CALVARIA;授予 M. Rohm 的资助 949017);德国科学基金会(DFG)在德国卓越战略框架下的慕尼黑系统神经学集群(SyNergy,ID 390857198,EXC 2145);DFG SFB 1052 (A9) 和 TR 296 (P03);协作研究中心 CRC 1744;德国联邦教育与研究部(NATON 合作项目,01KX2121,以及 HIVacToGC);血管性痴呆研究基金会;Nomis 心脏图谱项目资助(Nomis 基金会);Else Kröner-Fresenius 基金会;Edith Haberland-Wagner 基金会;Helmut Horten 基金会;欧洲糖尿病研究基金会 (EFSD) 与