星系团由数百个星系组成,是宇宙中最大的天体结构。这些星系团对于研究宇宙大尺度结构以及理解星系(包括我们所在的银河系)如何生存、成长和演化具有重要意义。
星系团受到巨大暗物质晕的支配,其强大引力从星系团外的星际空间吸引高温气体。在此过程中,高温气体会释放具有冷却效应的X射线。当物质冷却时,倾向于凝结并向星系团中心坠落,从而形成恒星。虽然观测到此类恒星形成现象,但其数量远低于预期,且星系团中心温度出人意料地高,这表明存在某种补偿"冷却"效应的机制维持着温度平衡。
研究团队对距离地球约1.5亿光年的人马座星系团进行了观测。团队利用XRISM卫星搭载的软X射线光谱仪"Resolve",精确测量了星系团中心高温气体流动的详细速度。该气流为其中心提供能量并维持高温状态。
"我们发现星系团内高温气体的湍流极其微弱,"中村教授指出,"阻止该星系团高温气体冷却的机制,是一种来自外部区域的普遍性热气体'搅动',这种搅动向中心输送能量,从而维持高温。"
研究采用计算机模拟再现了星系团成长过程中合并后热气体的运动状态,这种运动被称为"气体涌动"现象。
"高精度光谱分析还将帮助我们更好地理解星系团大质量结构的演化过程,"中村教授强调,"这不仅深化了我们对星系团的认识,更增进了对宇宙整体大尺度结构形成与演化的理解。"
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Journal Reference:
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